Gender neutral language in Portuguese: Difference between revisions

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In Portuguese, there are two types of articles: '''definite articles''' - ''a'', ''o'', ''as'', ''os'' (equivalent to the English "the") - and '''indefinite articles''' - ''uma'', ''um'', ''umas'', ''uns'' (equivalent to the English "a" and "an") - all of which are gendered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/determiners-definite-and-indefinite-articles/|title=Definite and Indefinite Articles|website=Practice Portuguese|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>
In Portuguese, there are two types of articles: '''definite articles''' - ''a'', ''o'', ''as'', ''os'' (equivalent to the English "the") - and '''indefinite articles''' - ''uma'', ''um'', ''umas'', ''uns'' (equivalent to the English "a" and "an") - all of which are gendered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/determiners-definite-and-indefinite-articles/|title=Definite and Indefinite Articles|website=Practice Portuguese|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+The articles ''a'' and ''o'' compared to neutral alternatives:
|+The definite articles ''a'' and ''o'' compared to neutral alternatives:
!a/o
!a/o
!ae
!ae
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|ê estudante
|ê estudante
|}
|}
There are many other alternatives, though '''''ê''''' is, by far, the most used one.
There are many other alternatives, though '''''ê''''' is, by far, the most used one. As for indefinite articles, these depend on the word ending that was chosen.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Articles affected by word ending:
!Word ending
!a
!ae
!e
!eo
!o
|-
|''um'' + word ending
|uma(s)
|umae(s)
|ume(s)
|umeo(s)
|umo(s)
|}


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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!a
!a
!ae
!ae
!@
!e
!e
!eo
!eo
!o
|-
|-
|''est'' + word ending
|''est'' + word ending
|esta(s)
|esta(s)
|estae(s)
|estae(s)
|est@(s)
|este(s)
|este(s)
|esteo(s)
|esteo(s)
|esto(s)
|-
|-
|''ess'' + word ending
|''ess'' + word ending
|essa(s)
|essa(s)
|essae(s)
|essae(s)
|ess@(s)
|esse(s)
|esse(s)
|esseo(s)
|esseo(s)
|esso(s)
|-
|-
|''mi'' or ''minh'' + word ending
|''mi'' or ''minh'' + word ending
|minha(s)
|minha(s)
|minhae(s)
|minhae(s)
|minh@(s)
|minhe(s)
|minhe(s)
|minheo(s)
|minheo(s)
|minho(s)
|-
|-
|''tu'' + word ending
|''tu'' + word ending
|tua(s)
|tua(s)
|tuae(s)
|tuae(s)
|tu@(s)
|tue(s)
|tue(s)
|tueo(s)
|tueo(s)
|tuo(s)
|}
|}
Note that the pronouns ''esta'' and ''essa'' can follow one of two paths when being converted to neutral forms. '''''Est/ess'' + word ending''' or '''letters of personal pronoun before consonant + ''st/ss'' + letters of personal pronoun after consonant'''. The latter only works if the personal pronoun has a consonant in the middle, so it'd work for ''ilu'' but not for ''ael'', for example.
Note that the pronouns ''esta'' and ''essa'' can follow one of two paths when being converted to neutral forms. '''''Est/ess'' + word ending''' or '''letters of personal pronoun before consonant + ''st/ss'' + letters of personal pronoun after consonant'''. The latter only works if the personal pronoun has a consonant in the middle, so it'd work for ''ilu'' but not for ''ael'', for example.