Editing Oophorectomy

{{Content warning|reproductive anatomy, surgery}}
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An '''oophorectomy''' is the surgical removal of one or both of a person's ovaries. It may also be called '''ovariectomy''' but that term is mostly used in reference to non-human animals.

Oophorectomy is most often performed because of diseases such as ovarian cysts or cancer, or as a preventive measure to reduce the chances of developing ovarian cancer or breast cancer. However, some [[transmasculine]] people choose to have an oophorectomy as part of their gender [[transition]]. It can be done on its own or along with a [[hysterectomy]].

Oophorectomy is usually performed by abdominal [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopy laparoscopy]. The patient usually won't need to spend the night in the hospital.<ref name="mayo_Ooph">{{Cite web |title=Oophorectomy (ovary removal surgery) |author= |work=Mayo Clinic |date= |access-date=4 May 2021 |url= https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/oophorectomy/about/pac-20385030?p=1}}</ref>

Removing both ovaries results in the person no longer having a menstrual cycle, and becoming permanently infertile, although the person may choose to preserve some of their eggs before having their ovaries removed (see the [[fertility preservation]] page for details). Oophorectomy also drastically lowers the body's production of the hormones estrogen and progesterone.<ref name="heal_Ooph">{{Cite web |title=Oophorectomy: Procedure, Recovery, and More |author=Pietrangelo, Ann |work=Healthline |date=19 July 2017 |access-date=3 May 2021 |url= https://www.healthline.com/health/womens-health/oophorectomy}}</ref>

Oophorectomy has been found in cis women to be associated with problems such as an increased risk of osteoporosis and bone fractures,<ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=Kelsey JL, Prill MM, Keegan TH, Quesenberry CP, Sidney S |title=Risk factors for pelvis fracture in older persons |journal=Am. J. Epidemiol. |volume=162 |issue=9 |pages=879–86 |date=November 2005 |pmid=16221810 |doi=10.1093/aje/kwi295 |url=http://aje.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16221810|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=van der Voort DJ, Geusens PP, Dinant GJ |title=Risk factors for osteoporosis related to their outcome: fractures |journal=Osteoporos Int |volume=12 |issue=8 |pages=630–8 |year=2001 |pmid=11580076 |url=http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00198/bibs/1012008/10120630.htm |doi=10.1007/s001980170062 |access-date=2009-07-03 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20011024063601/http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00198/bibs/1012008/10120630.htm |archive-date=2001-10-24 }}</ref><ref name="Hreshchyshyn">{{cite journal |vauthors=Hreshchyshyn MM, Hopkins A, Zylstra S, Anbar M |title=Effects of natural menopause, hysterectomy, and oophorectomy on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone densities |journal=Obstet Gynecol |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=631–8 |date=October 1988 |pmid=3419740 }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Levin RJ |title=The physiology of sexual arousal in the human female: a recreational and procreational synthesis |journal=Arch Sex Behav |volume=31 |issue=5 |pages=405–11 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12238607 |url=http://www.kluweronline.com/art.pdf?issn=0004-0002&volume=31&page=405 |doi=10.1023/A:1019836007416}}</ref><ref>Masters, W.H., et al. The Uterus, Physiological and Clinical Considerations Human Sexual Response 1966 p.111-140</ref> and an increased risk of cardiovascular problems.<ref name="ReillyFruhauf2019">{{cite journal|last1=Reilly|first1=Zachary P.|last2=Fruhauf|first2=Timothee F.|last3=Martin|first3=Stephen J.|title=Barriers to Evidence-Based Transgender Care: Knowledge Gaps in Gender-Affirming Hysterectomy and Oophorectomy|journal=Obstetrics & Gynecology|volume=134|issue=4|year=2019|pages=714–717|issn=0029-7844|doi=10.1097/AOG.0000000000003472|quote=Oophorectomy in cisgender women is associated with negative outcomes such as an increase in cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality, most likely attributable to attenuated estrogen levels. There are insufficient outcomes data regarding oophorectomy in transgender men to make the same inference about potential morbidity and mortality. }}</ref> However, it is not known for sure whether transmasculine patients would have these same increased risks.<ref name="ReillyFruhauf2019" />

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Transition]]