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Hijra: Difference between revisions

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==Legal Recognition==
==Legal Recognition==
In some countries today, Hijra are legally recognized as a gender other than female or male.
In some countries today, Hijra are legally recognized as a gender other than female or male.
* India, November 2009 <ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html, "India's third gender gets own identity in voter rolls", Harmeet Shah Singh, CNN.com], Nov. 2009 </ref> Owing to the Hijra, India allows passports to use the gender marker "T", meaning transgender or third gender,<ref>Mitch Kellaway. "Trans Indian's Predicament at Border Shows the U.S. Lags Behind." May 9, 2015. Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind</ref> as well as "E" (eunuch).<ref> Tristin Hopper, "Genderless passports ‘under review’ in Canada." May 8, 2012. National Post. http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada</ref> However, this distinction doesn't grant them all civil rights (for example, in order to vote, one needs to identify as either male or female).
* India, November 2009<ref name="Harmeet">{{Cite web |title=India's third gender gets own identity in voter rolls |author=Harmeet Shah Singh |work=CNN |date=12 November 2009 |access-date=4 December 2020 |url= https://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html}}</ref> Owing to the Hijra, India allows passports to use the gender marker "T", meaning transgender or third gender,<ref name="Kellaway">{{Cite web |title=Trans Indian's Predicament at Border Shows the U.S. Lags Behind |last=Kellaway |first=Mitch |work=The Advocate |date=9 May 2015 |access-date=4 December 2020 |url= https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind}}</ref> as well as "E" ([[eunuch]]).<ref name="Hopper">{{Cite web |title=Genderless passports 'under review' in Canada |last=Hopper |first=Tristin |work=National Post |date=9 May 2012 |access-date=4 December 2020 |url= https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada}}</ref> However, this distinction doesn't grant them all civil rights (for example, in order to vote, one needs to identify as either male or female).
* Pakistan, December 2009 <ref>[http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ "Pakistan Recognizes Third Gender", Ria Misra, Politics Daily], Dec. 2009</ref>
* Pakistan, December 2009 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/|title=Pakistan Recognizes Third Gender|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100227044909/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ |first=Ria|last= Misra|work= Politics Daily|date=25 December 2009|archive-date=27 February 2010}}</ref>
* Bangladesh, November 2013 <ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender, "Hijras now a separate gender", Mohosinul Karim, Dhaka Tribune], Nov. 2013 </ref> In 2011, Bangladesh started to allow passports to show a gender called "other", owing to the Hijra.<ref name="Macarow">{{Cite web |title=These Eleven Countries are Way Ahead of the US on Trans Issues |last=Macarow |first=Aron |work=ATTN: |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status}}</ref><ref>Tristin Hopper, "Genderless passports ‘under review’ in Canada." May 8, 2012. National Post. http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/genderless-passports-under-review-in-canada</ref>
* Bangladesh, November 2013 <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender |title=Hijras now a separate gender|first= Mohosinul|last=Karim|work=Dhaka Tribune|date=11 November 2013|archive-url=https://archive.vn/AJ2NW|archive-date=11 November 2013}}</ref> In 2011, Bangladesh started to allow passports to show a gender called "other", owing to the Hijra.<ref name="Macarow">{{Cite web |title=These Eleven Countries are Way Ahead of the US on Trans Issues |last=Macarow |first=Aron |work=ATTN: |date=9 February 2015 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://archive.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status}}</ref><ref name="Hopper" />


==Notable hijras==
==Notable hijras==
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==See also==
==See also==
*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Several world regions|Gallae]]
*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Gallae|Gallae]]
*[[Eunuch]]
*[[Eunuch]]
*[[Two-Spirit]]
*[[Two-Spirit]]
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[[Category:Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
[[Category:Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
[[Category:Bangladesh]]
[[Category:India]]
[[Category:Pakistan]]
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