Neurogender: Difference between revisions

Autism is a spectrum of highly variable neurodevelopmental disorders. Psychologists see autism as having three main symptoms: impairments in social interaction, impairments in communication, and repetitive behavior.<ref name=DSM5>{{vcite book | title = Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition | chapter = Autism Spectrum Disorder, 299.00 (F84.0) | editor = American Psychiatric Association | year = 2013 | publisher = American Psychiatric Publishing | pagex = 50–59}}</ref><ref name="Filipek">{{cite journal | vauthors = Filipek PA, Accardo PJ, Baranek GT, Cook EH, Dawson G, Gordon B, Gravel JS, Johnson CP, Kallen RJ, Levy SE, Minshew NJ, Ozonoff S, Prizant BM, Rapin I, Rogers SJ, Stone WL, Teplin S, Tuchman RF, Volkmar FR | s2cid = 145113684 | title = The screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders | journal = J Autism Dev Disord | volume = 29 | issue = 6 | pages = 439–484 | year = 1999 | pmid = 10638459 | doi = 10.1023/A:1021943802493 }} This paper represents a consensus of representatives from nine professional and four parent organizations in the US.</ref><ref name="Geschwind-2009">{{cite journal | last = Geschwind | first = Daniel H | title = Advances in autism | journal = Annu Rev Med | volume = 60 | pages = 367–380 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19630577 | pmc = 3645857 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.med.60.053107.121225}}</ref> People with autism may be impaired in some respects, but average or better in others.<ref>{{cite book |vauthors=Pinel JP |title=Biopsychology |year=2011 |publisher=Pearson |location=Boston, Massachusetts |edition=8th |isbn=978-0-205-03099-6 |oclc=1085798897 |page=235 }}</ref> Autism lasts lifelong from birth: it is first evident in infancy,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Rogers SJ | title = What are infant siblings teaching us about autism in infancy? | journal = Autism Res | volume = 2 | issue = 3 | pages = 125–137 | year = 2009 | pmid = 19582867 | pmc = 2791538 | doi = 10.1002/aur.81}}</ref> and many adults and seniors are autistic.<ref name=Ste106>{{cite journal | vauthors = Steinhausen HC, Mohr Jensen C, Lauritsen MB | title = A systematic review and meta-analysis of the long-term overall outcome of autism spectrum disorders in adolescence and adulthood | journal = Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica | volume = 133 | issue = 6 | pages = 445–452 | date = June 2016 | pmid = 26763353 | doi = 10.1111/acps.12559 }}</ref><ref name="Rapin">{{cite journal | vauthors = Rapin I, Tuchman RF | title = Autism: definition, neurobiology, screening, diagnosis | journal = Pediatric Clinics of North America | volume = 55 | issue = 5 | pages = 1129–1146, viii | date = October 2008 | pmid = 18929056 | doi = 10.1016/j.pcl.2008.07.005 }}</ref> There is no specifically known cause (it is thought to be genetic),<ref name="Fractionable">{{cite journal|vauthors=Happé F, Ronald A |s2cid=13928876 |title=The 'fractionable autism triad': a review of evidence from behavioural, genetic, cognitive and neural research |journal=Neuropsychol Rev |volume=18 |issue=4 |pages=287–304 |year=2008 |pmid=18956240 |doi=10.1007/s11065-008-9076-8}}</ref><ref name="HappeTime">{{cite journal | vauthors = Happé F, Ronald A, Plomin R | title = Time to give up on a single explanation for autism | journal = Nature Neuroscience | volume = 9 | issue = 10 | pages = 1218–1220 | year = 2006 | pmid = 17001340 | doi = 10.1038/nn1770 | doi-access = free}}</ref> prevention, or cure for autism.<ref name="CCD2007">{{cite journal | vauthors = Myers SM, Johnson CP | title = Management of children with autism spectrum disorders | journal = Pediatrics | volume = 120 | issue = 5 | pages = 1162–1182 | date = November 2007 | pmid = 17967921 | doi = 10.1542/peds.2007-2362 | url = https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/120/5/1162 | doi-access = free }}</ref> The autistic culture and autism rights movement includes those who argue that autism should be accepted as a natural part of the diversity of kinds of people.<ref name=Sil2008>{{cite journal |journal=BioSocieties |year=2008 |volume=3 |issue=3 |pages=325–341 |title=Fieldwork on another planet: social science perspectives on the autism spectrum | vauthors = Silverman C |s2cid=145379758 |doi=10.1017/S1745855208006236}}</ref><ref name=Frith2014>{{cite news |last=Frith |first=Uta | name-list-format = vanc |title=Autism – are we any closer to explaining the enigma? |url=https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-27/edition-10/autism-are-we-any-closer-explaining-enigma |work=The Psychologist (magazine) |publisher=British Psychological Society |date=October 2014 |volume=27 |pages=744–745}}</ref> In the 2000s, the number of autistic people was estimated at 1–2 per 1,000 people worldwide.<ref name=News2007>{{cite journal | vauthors = Newschaffer CJ, Croen LA, Daniels J, Giarelli E, Grether JK, Levy SE, Mandell DS, Miller LA, Pinto-Martin J, Reaven J, Reynolds AM, Rice CE, Schendel D, Windham GC | title = The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders | journal = Annual Review of Public Health | volume = 28 | pages = 235–258 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17367287 | doi = 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.28.021406.144007 }}</ref>

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)<ref name="NICEGuidelines2009">{{cite book|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK55415/|title=Borderline personality disorder NICE Clinical Guidelines, No. 78|date=2009|publisher=British Psychological Society}}</ref> is a mental illness characterized by a long-term pattern of unstable relationships, distorted sense of self, and strong emotional reactions.<ref name=NIH2016>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|title=Borderline Personality Disorder|website=NIMH|access-date=16 March 2016|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160322130612/http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/borderline-personality-disorder/index.shtml|archive-date=22 March 2016}}</ref><ref name=DSM5 /> People with BPD tend to have trouble seeing their identity clearly. In particular, they tend to have difficulty knowing what they value, believe, prefer, and enjoy.<ref name=Manning_23>{{harvnb|Manning|2011|page=23}}</ref> They may also tend to dissociate, which can be thought of as an intense form of "zoning out".<ref name=Manning_24>{{harvnb|Manning|2011|page=24}}</ref> They are often unsure about their long-term goals for relationships and jobs. This can cause people with BPD to feel "empty" and "lost".<ref name=Manning_23/> Individuals often engage in self-harm, substance abuse, depression, eating disorders, and other dangerous behavior.<ref name=NIH2016/> Approximately 10% of people affected die by suicide.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5 /> The behavior typically begins by early adulthood and occurs across a variety of situations.<ref name=DSM5 /> BPD is typically treated with therapy, which may reduce the risk of suicide.<ref name=NIH2016/> Medications do not cure BPD, but can help with the symptoms.<ref name=NIH2016/> About 1.6% of people have BPD in a given year, with some estimates as high as 6%.<ref name=NIH2016/><ref name=DSM5/>  

* '''Name(s):''' bordergender or borderfluid<ref name="bordergender">"Borderline Blog." January 17, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20160921031543/http://imighthavebpd.tumblr.com/post/108384556779/bordergenderborderfluid</ref>

* '''Origin:''' Coined in 2014 by Tumblr user pastel-memer by submission to the MOGAI-Archive blog.<ref name="pendogender coin">http://archive.is/WzKNu#selection-385.1-389.96</ref>

* '''Meaning:''' As originally described by pastel-memer, it means "never being satisfied with your gender or feeling settled no matter how well it fits due to self-doubt, causing one to compulsively search and seek out something that fits even better. Gender perfectionism. The 'gender' part can be replaced by the closest fitting gender at any time, ie pendo[[list of uncommon nonbinary identities#juxera|juxera]]/pendo-[[agender]]. For neurodivergent folks only, coined with people with anxiety disorders, OCD, and OCPD in mind."<ref name="pendogender coin" />

 

* {{cite book|title=Loving Someone with Borderline Personality Disorder|last=Manning|first=Shari| name-list-format = vanc |publisher=The Guilford Press|year=2011|isbn=978-1-59385-607-6|ref=harv}}