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| For other uses, see Ukraine (disambiguation).
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| Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraïna, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinɐ] (listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast.[a][11] Ukraine covers approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi),[b] and had a pre-war population of around 41 million people.[c][6] It is also bordered by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova[d] to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast.[e] Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. The country's national language is Ukrainian, and most people are also fluent in Russian.[14]
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| Ukraine
| | {{Personal story |
| Україна (Ukrainian)
| | | quote = I discovered that I was transgender after joking around in the art room in 8th grade, (when I was 12) and one of my friends, who was also LGBTQ+, said that the charcoal on my face looked like makeup that a transgender guy would wear. I was stunned into silence. |
| Flag of Ukraine
| | | name = Dalton |
| Flag
| | | age = 15 |
| Coat of arms of Ukraine
| | | identity = nonbinary [[transmasculine]] |
| Coat of arms
| | }} |
| Anthem: Державний Гімн України
| | '''Transgender''' or '''trans''' is an [[umbrella term]] covering all [[Gender identity|gender identities]] or [[Gender expression|expressions]] that transgress or transcend society's rules and concepts of gender. To be trans usually means to identify as a gender other than the [[Assigned gender at birth|gender one was assigned at birth]], such as being female while being assigned male at birth. The category of transgender includes people who have the [[binary genders|binary gender]] identities of female ([[transgender women]]) or male ([[transgender men]]), and is often framed solely in binary terms. However, this is not true. The transgender umbrella does include people with [[nonbinary]] gender identities, but not all nonbinary people consider themselves as transgender. |
| Derzhavnyi Himn Ukrainy
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| "State Anthem of Ukraine"
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| 1:20
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| Ukraine - disputed (orthographic projection).svg
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| Show globe
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| Show map of Europe
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| Show all
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| Location of Ukraine (green)
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| Occupied/annexed territories prior to the 2022 Russian invasion (light green)
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| Capital
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| and largest city
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| Kyiv
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| 49°N 32°E
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| Official language
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| and national language
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| Ukrainian[1]
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| Ethnic groups (2001)[2]
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| 77.8% Ukrainians
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| 17.3% Russians
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| 4.9% Others
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| Religion (2018)[3]
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| 87.3% Christianity
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| 11.0% No religion
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| 0.8% Others
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| 0.9% Unanswered
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| Demonym(s)
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| Ukrainian
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| Government
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| Unitary semi-presidential republic
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| • President
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| Volodymyr Zelenskyy
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| • Prime Minister
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| Denys Shmyhal
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| • Chairman of the
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| Verkhovna Rada
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| Ruslan Stefanchuk
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| Legislature
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| Verkhovna Rada
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| Formation
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| • Kievan Rus'
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| 879
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| • Kingdom of Ruthenia
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| 1199
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| • Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia
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| 1362
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| • Cossack Hetmanate
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| 18 August 1649
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| • Ukrainian People's Republic
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| 10 June 1917
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| • Declaration of independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic
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| 22 January 1918
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| • West Ukrainian People's Republic
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| 1 November 1918
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| • Act of Unity
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| 22 January 1919
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| • Declaration of independence from Soviet Union
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| 24 August 1991
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| • Independence referendum
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| 1 December 1991
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| • Current constitution
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| 28 June 1996
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| Area
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| • Total
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| 603,628[4] km2 (233,062 sq mi) (45th)
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| • Water (%)
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| 3.8[5]
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| Population
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| • January 2022 estimate
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| Neutral decrease 41,167,336[6]
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| (excluding Crimea) (36th)
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| • 2001 census
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| 48,457,102[2]
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| • Density
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| 73.8/km2 (191.1/sq mi) (115th)
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| GDP (PPP)
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| 2021 estimate
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| • Total
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| Increase $588 billion[7]
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| • Per capita
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| Increase $14,330[7]
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| GDP (nominal)
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| 2021 estimate
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| • Total
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| Increase $198 billion[7]
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| • Per capita
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| Increase $4,830[7]
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| Gini (2020)
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| Positive decrease 25.6[8]
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| low
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| HDI (2019)
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| Increase 0.779[9]
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| high · 74th
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| Currency
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| Hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
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| Time zone
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| UTC+2[10] (EET)
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| • Summer (DST)
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| UTC+3 (EEST)
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| Driving side
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| right
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| Calling code
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| +380
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| ISO 3166 code
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| UA
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| Internet TLD
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| .ua
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| .укр
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| Website
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| ukraine.ua
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| During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. After the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia emerged the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years; including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. After the Russian Revolution a Ukrainian national movement re-emerged, and formed the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. This short-lived state was forcibly reconstituted by the Bolsheviks into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the 1930s millions of Ukrainians were killed by the Holodomor, a famine caused by Soviet leader Stalin.
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| Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine regained independence and declared itself neutral,[15] forming a limited military partnership with the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States, while also joining the Partnership for Peace with NATO in 1994. In 2013 a series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, erupted across Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, which led to the establishment of a new government and pro-Russian unrest. During this period, unmarked Russian troops invaded the Crimean Peninsula, which was later annexed by Russia; and pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine's Donbas culminated in Russia-backed separatists seizing territory throughout the region, sparking the War in Donbas. This series of events marked the beginning of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, and in a major escalation of the conflict in February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Since the outbreak of war with Russia in 2014, Ukraine has continued to seek closer economic, political, and military ties with the Western world, including with the United States, European Union, and NATO.[16]
| | Some people consider themselves [[transsexual]] instead of (or in addition to) transgender. Transsexual is an older word that is nowadays considered offensive by some in the trans community.<ref name="Nissim">{{Cite web |title=What should you call trans people? |last=Nissim |first=Mayer |work=PinkNews |date=19 March 2018 |access-date=17 November 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/03/19/transsexual-transgender-transvestite-what-should-you-call-trans-people/}}</ref><ref name="Abrams">{{Cite web |title=What's the Difference Between Being Transgender and Transsexual? |author=Abrams, Mere |work=Healthline |date=21 November 2019 |access-date=17 November 2020 |url= https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/difference-between-transgender-and-transsexual}}</ref> When "transsexual" is used, it means a trans person who has undergone or wants to undergo a medical [[transition]] through [[surgery]] and/or [[hormone therapy]]. |
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| Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system and a developing country, ranking 74th on the Human Development Index. Despite having a free-market economy, Ukraine remains among the poorest countries in Europe by nominal GDP per capita,[17] especially in the east[18] due to Russian aggression.[19] However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world.[20][21] It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the OSCE, and is currently in the process of joining the European Union.
| | In general, "trans"/"transgender"/"transsexual" should not be counted as a [[gender]]/[[gender identity]]. For example, a trans woman's gender is properly "woman", not "trans". However, some people do consider "trans" to be their gender, such as the writer [[Juno Roche]] and the sexologist [[Esben Esther Pirelli Benestad]]. |
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| Etymology and orthography
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| History
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| Geography
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| Politics
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| Economy
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| Demographics
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| Culture
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| See also
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| Notes
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| References
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| Print sources
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| External links
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| Last edited 17 hours ago by Jeppiz
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| RELATED ARTICLES
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| History of Ukraine
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| Aspects of national history of Ukraine
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| Russians in Ukraine
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| Ethnic minority group
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| Russia–Ukraine relations
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| Bilateral relations
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| Wikipedia
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| Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
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| Privacy policy Terms of UseDesktopThe Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of both fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) and battlecruisers built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.[1]
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| Aircraft carrier Novorossiysk, USSR, 1986
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| Novorossiysk in 1986
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| Class overview
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| Name
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| Kiev class
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| Builders
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| Chernomorsky Shipyard 444
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| Operators
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| Soviet Navy
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| Russian Navy
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| Indian Navy
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| Preceded by
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| Moskva class
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| Succeeded by
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| Kuznetsov class (Russian Navy)
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| Vikrant class (Indian Navy)
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| Subclasses
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| Baku class
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| Built
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| 1970–1987
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| In service
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| 1975–1996
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| 2013–present
| |
| Completed
| |
| 4
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| Active
| |
| 1
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| Preserved
| |
| 2
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| General characteristics
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| Type
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| Aircraft cruiser/Aircraft carrier
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| Displacement
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| 42,000–45,000 tons full load
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| Length
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| 273 m (896 ft)
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| Beam
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| 53 m (174 ft) o/a
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| 31 m (102 ft) w/l
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| Draught
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| 10 m (33 ft)
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| Propulsion
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| 8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW)), four shafts
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| Speed
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| 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
| |
| Complement
| |
| 1,200 to 1,600
| |
| Armament
| |
| See article for variations
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| 80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles
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| 2 dual-purpose guns
| |
| 8 close-in weapons systems
| |
| 10 torpedo tubes
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| Aircraft carried
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| Up to 30, including:
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| 12 × Yak-38 aircraft
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| 16 × helicopters
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| Aviation facilitiesThe Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of both fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) and battlecruisers built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.[1]
| |
| | |
| Aircraft carrier Novorossiysk, USSR, 1986
| |
| Novorossiysk in 1986
| |
| Class overview
| |
| Name
| |
| Kiev class
| |
| Builders
| |
| Chernomorsky Shipyard 444
| |
| Operators
| |
| Soviet Navy
| |
| Russian Navy
| |
| Indian Navy
| |
| Preceded by
| |
| Moskva class
| |
| Succeeded by
| |
| Kuznetsov class (Russian Navy)
| |
| Vikrant class (Indian Navy)
| |
| Subclasses
| |
| Baku class
| |
| Built
| |
| 1970–1987
| |
| In service
| |
| 1975–1996
| |
| 2013–present
| |
| Completed
| |
| 4
| |
| Active
| |
| 1
| |
| Preserved
| |
| 2
| |
| General characteristics
| |
| Type
| |
| Aircraft cruiser/Aircraft carrier
| |
| Displacement
| |
| 42,000–45,000 tons full load
| |
| Length
| |
| 273 m (896 ft)
| |
| Beam
| |
| 53 m (174 ft) o/a
| |
| 31 m (102 ft) w/l
| |
| Draught
| |
| 10 m (33 ft)
| |
| Propulsion
| |
| 8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW)), four shafts
| |
| Speed
| |
| 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
| |
| Complement
| |
| 1,200 to 1,600
| |
| Armament
| |
| See article for variations
| |
| 80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles
| |
| 2 dual-purpose guns
| |
| 8 close-in weapons systems
| |
| 10 torpedo tubes
| |
| Aircraft carried
| |
| Up to 30, including:
| |
| 12 × Yak-38 aircraft
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| 16 × helicopters
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| Aviation facilities
| |
|
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|
| ==Symbols== | | ==Symbols== |
