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[[Bigender]], or '''bi-gender''', is a [[gender identity]] under the [[multigender]], [[nonbinary]], and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Bigender people have two distinct gender identities, either at the same time, or at different times. The latter is a form of [[genderfluid]] identity, and may involve only two distinct genders, or it may involve "shades of gray between the two."<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> The two genders of a bigender person can be the two [[binary genders]], [[female]] and [[male]]. This is what people usually assume bigender means. However, some people who identify as bigender have a different pair of genders. For example, their two genders might be female and [[neutrois]]. Or the two genders might be both nonbinary, such as [[agender]] and [[aporagender]]. Bigender is recognized by the American Psychological Association (APA) as a subset of the transgender group.<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> | [[Bigender]], or '''bi-gender''', is a [[gender identity]] under the [[multigender]], [[nonbinary]], and [[transgender]] [[umbrella terms]]. Bigender people have two distinct gender identities, either at the same time, or at different times. The latter is a form of [[genderfluid]] identity, and may involve only two distinct genders, or it may involve "shades of gray between the two."<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> The two genders of a bigender person can be the two [[binary genders]], [[female]] and [[male]]. This is what people usually assume bigender means. However, some people who identify as bigender have a different pair of genders. For example, their two genders might be female and [[neutrois]]. Or the two genders might be both nonbinary, such as [[agender]] and [[aporagender]]. Bigender is recognized by the American Psychological Association (APA) as a subset of the transgender group.<ref>Schneider, M., et al. ''APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions'', 2008 [http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf] (PDF)</ref> | ||
==История== | ==История== | ||
A 1997 paper concerning the "gender continuum" in ''International Journal of Transgenderism'' noted that "a person who feels or acts as both a woman and a man may identify as bi-gendered." The paper also described individuals who were "genderblended", being both binary genders but either "more man than woman" or "more woman than man".<ref name="Eyler">{{cite journal|last1=Eyler |first1=A.E.|last2=Wright |first2=K.|year=1997|url=https://cdn.atria.nl/ezines/web/IJT/97-03/numbers/symposion/ijtc0102.htm|title=Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence.|journal=International Journal of Transgenderism|quote=}}</ref> | |||
A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and less than 8% of those who were [[AFAB|assigned female at birth]] identified as bigender.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02]</ref> | A 1999 survey conducted by the San Francisco Department of Public Health observed that, among the transgender community, less than 3% of those who were [[AMAB|assigned male at birth]] and less than 8% of those who were [[AFAB|assigned female at birth]] identified as bigender.<ref>Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. [http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02 http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02]</ref> | ||
In a 2010 encyclopedia, bigender is listed as a type of "[[androgyne]]" gender: "Androgyne identities include [[pangender]], [[bigender]], [[ambigender]], nongendered, [[agender]], [[gender fluid]], or [[intergender]]."<ref>''Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies'', page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.</ref> | |||
In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of [[genderfluid]] people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders."<ref>Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652]</ref><ref>"Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". ''Neuroskeptic''. April 8, 2012. [http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html]</ref><ref>Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". ''The Huffington Post''. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html]</ref> These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now. | In 2012, Case and Ramachandran gave a report on the results of a survey of [[genderfluid]] people who call themselves bigender who experience involuntary alternation between female and male states. Case and Ramachandran gave this condition the name "Alternating gender incongruity (AGI)." Case and Ramachandran made the hypothesis that gender alternation may reflect an unusual degree (or depth) of hemispheric switching, and the corresponding suppression of sex appropriate body maps in the parietal cortex. They said that "we hypothesize that tracking the nasal cycle, rate of binocular rivalry, and other markers of hemispheric switching will reveal a physiological basis for AGI individuals' subjective reports of gender switches... We base our hypotheses on ancient and modern associations between the left and right hemispheres and the male and female genders."<ref>Case, L. K.; Ramachandran, V. S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". ''Medical Hypotheses'' 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. PMID 22364652. [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22364652]</ref><ref>"Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". ''Neuroskeptic''. April 8, 2012. [http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html]</ref><ref>Stix, Gary (2012-04-20). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". ''The Huffington Post''. [http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/04/19/alternating-gender-incongruity_n_1438911.html]</ref> These doctors think that when bigender people feel a change between their gender identities, it might have to do with a change in how they use parts of their brains. The gender change might also have to do with one of the cycles that everyone has in their body, specifically, a valve in the nose that changes sides every two days (the nasal cycle). This is only a hypothesis, meaning that it is an interesting idea that doesn't have proof for now. | ||
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In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. [http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."<ref>"Bigender." ''Dictionary.com.'' Retrieved May 18, 2015. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender]</ref> | In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,<ref>"New words added to Dictionary.com." May 6, 2015. [http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/ http://blog.dictionary.com/2015-new-words/]</ref> defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."<ref>"Bigender." ''Dictionary.com.'' Retrieved May 18, 2015. [http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender]</ref> | ||
In 2017, bigender was one of the 37 gender options added to the dating network Tinder.<ref name="Mallenbaum">{{Cite web |title=What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms |last=Mallenbaum |first=Carly |work=USA TODAY |date=15 November 2016 |access-date=29 April 2020 |url= https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/entertainthis/2016/11/15/tinder-app-transgender-agender-genderqueer/93873790/}}</ref> | |||
==Гендерная экспрессия== | ==Гендерная экспрессия== | ||
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== Известные бигендерные люди == | == Известные бигендерные люди == | ||
[[File:RB Lemberg.jpg|thumb|200px|Ukrainian author [[R.B. Lemberg]], who descibes themself as bigender.]] | |||
"Читайте основную статью: [[Notable nonbinary people|Известные небинарные люди]]" | "Читайте основную статью: [[Notable nonbinary people|Известные небинарные люди]]" | ||
Есть много [[Notable nonbinary people|известных людей, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность]]. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех известных людей, которые используют слово "бигендер" в отношении себя | <div class="mw-translate-fuzzy"> | ||
Есть много [[Notable nonbinary people|известных людей, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность]]. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех известных людей, которые используют слово "бигендер" в отношении себя | |||
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*Словацкие музыканты [[B-Complex]] бигендер.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312 Facebook post], June 6 2015</ref> | *Словацкие музыканты [[B-Complex]] бигендер.<ref>[https://www.facebook.com/bcomplex/posts/10153953399843312 Facebook post], June 6 2015</ref> | ||
*Украинские писатели [[R.B. Lemberg|Р. Б. Лемберг]] бигендер.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">[https://twitter.com/RB_Lemberg/status/1022283262906048513 Tweet on July 25, 2018]</ref> | *Украинские писатели [[R.B. Lemberg|Р. Б. Лемберг]] бигендер.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">[https://twitter.com/RB_Lemberg/status/1022283262906048513 Tweet on July 25, 2018]</ref> | ||
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*The Ukranian writer [[R.B. Lemberg]] is bigender.<ref name="RBL-about">http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16</ref><ref name="RBL-tweet">{{cite tweet|user=RB_Lemberg|number=1022283262906048513|date=July 25, 2018|title=@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :) | |||
I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." | |||
Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it! | |||
<3}}</ref> Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine. | |||
* The young adult novelist [[Mia Siegert]] is bigender.<ref name="dive_Writ">{{Cite web |title=Writing from a Place of Truth |author= |work=Diversity in YA |date= |access-date=2 May 2020 |url= https://diversityinya.tumblr.com/post/143740997531/writing-from-a-place-of-truth |quote=I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male. }}</ref> Siegert's debut novel ''Jerkbait'' made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop!<ref name="mari">{{Cite web |title=Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert |author=Mari |work=musings of a book girl |date=January 7, 2020 |access-date=May 2, 2020 |url= https://musingsofabookgirl.com/2020/01/07/sensational-sophomores-interview-with-mia-siegert/}}</ref> | |||
== Бигендерные персонажи в кино и литературе == | == Бигендерные персонажи в кино и литературе == | ||
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Есть много [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|персонажей в кино и литературе, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность]]. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех персонажей, которые были названы словом "бигендер" в каноне, или их создателями. | Есть много [[Nonbinary gender in fiction#Nonbinary genders in fiction|персонажей в кино и литературе, которые имеют небинарную гендерную идентичность]]. Ниже приведены только некоторые из тех персонажей, которые были названы словом "бигендер" в каноне, или их создателями. | ||
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*''[http://erinptah.com/catperson/ But I'm A Cat Person]'' авторства Эрин Птах - городской фентези вебкомикс, в котором есть персонажи [[bigender|бигендер]] - Тимоти/Камеллия Маттей, а так же несколько 'Существ', которые могут принимать форму женщины и мужчины одновременно. Так же показывает разных ЛГБ песонажей. Обновляется три раза в неделю. | *''[http://erinptah.com/catperson/ But I'm A Cat Person]'' авторства Эрин Птах - городской фентези вебкомикс, в котором есть персонажи [[bigender|бигендер]] - Тимоти/Камеллия Маттей, а так же несколько 'Существ', которые могут принимать форму женщины и мужчины одновременно. Так же показывает разных ЛГБ песонажей. Обновляется три раза в неделю. | ||
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==Смотрите также== | ==Смотрите также== | ||