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Gender neutral language in Portuguese: Difference between revisions

Gender neutral language in Portuguese (edit)

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==Language sets==
==Language sets==
There are two established ways of representing language sets in the Portuguese language. The first one, ''ela/dela'' follows the same format as the English "she/her," however, it is very incomplete. In Portuguese, word endings indicate gender, so the format ''ela/dela/-a'' was suggested as an alternative. Though this format is more complete than the previous one, it has been criticized. Some of the criticisms are that it doesn't take the particularities of the Portuguese language into account; that the other elements in the language that indicate gender, like articles and demonstrative pronouns, should also be declared and that article and word ending choice are unrelated to pronoun choice. For these reasons, the recommended representation is ''a/ela/a'', which follows the format article/pronoun/word ending.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/motivos-para-n%C3%A3o-usar-pronome-d-pronome-como-indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-conjuntos-de-linguagem|title=Motivos para não usar "pronome/d[pronome]" como indicação de conjuntos de linguagem|date=20 September 2019|website=Amplifi.casa|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Reasons not to use "pronoun/d[pronoun]" as an indication of language sets|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> An even more complete version of this format would be ''a/uma/da/ela/dela/minha/essa/a''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forum.orientando.org/thread-225.html|title=expansão do sistema artigo/pronome/final de palavra?|date=23 May 2018|website=Fórum Orientando|access-date=21 June 2021|language=Portuguese|trans-title=expansion of the article/pronoun/word ending system?}}</ref> Note that, because pronouns aren't the only language elements that indicate gender in Portuguese, some people suggest calling these sets '''language sets''' instead of '''pronoun sets'''.
There are two established ways of representing language sets in the Portuguese language. The first one, ''ela/dela'' follows the same format as the English "she/her," however, it is very incomplete. In Portuguese, word endings indicate gender, so the format ''ela/dela/-a'' was suggested as an alternative. Though this format is more complete than the previous one, it has been criticized. Some of the criticisms are that it doesn't take the particularities of the Portuguese language into account; that the other elements in the language that indicate gender, like articles and demonstrative pronouns, should also be declared and that article and word ending choice are unrelated to pronoun choice. For these reasons, the recommended representation is ''a/ela/a'', which follows the format article/pronoun/word ending.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://amplifi.casa/~/Asterismos/motivos-para-n%C3%A3o-usar-pronome-d-pronome-como-indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o-de-conjuntos-de-linguagem|title=Motivos para não usar "pronome/d[pronome]" como indicação de conjuntos de linguagem|date=20 September 2019|website=Amplifi.casa|language=Portuguese|trans-title=Reasons not to use "pronoun/d[pronoun]" as an indication of language sets|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref> An even more complete version of this format would be ''a/uma/da/ela/dela/minha/essa/a''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://forum.orientando.org/thread-225.html|title=expansão do sistema artigo/pronome/final de palavra?|date=23 May 2018|website=Fórum Orientando|access-date=21 June 2021|language=Portuguese|trans-title=expansion of the article/pronoun/word ending system?}}</ref> Note that, because pronouns aren't the only language elements that indicate gender in Portuguese, some people suggest calling these sets '''language sets''' instead of '''pronoun sets'''.
===Articles===
In Portuguese, there are two types of articles: '''definite articles''' - ''a'', ''o'', ''as'', ''os'' - and indefinite articles - ''uma'', ''um'', ''umas'', ''uns'' - all of which are gendered.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.practiceportuguese.com/learning-notes/determiners-definite-and-indefinite-articles/|title=Definite and Indefinite Articles|website=Practice Portuguese|access-date=24 June 2021}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|+The articles ''a'' and ''o'' compared to neutral alternatives:
!a/o
!ae
!el
!fi
!i
!u
|-
|a/o estudante
|ae estudante
|el estudante
|fi estudante
|i estudante
|u estudante
|}


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
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|nile(s)
|nile(s)
|nilu(s)
|nilu(s)
|-
|esta/e(s)
|estae(s)?
|est(s)
|est@(s)
|estu(s)
|estx(s)
|iste(s)
|istu(s)
|-
|essa/e(s)
|essae(s)?
|ess(s)
|ess@(s)
|essu(s)
|essx(s)
|isse(s)
|issu(s)
|-
|-
|aquela/e(s)
|aquela/e(s)
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|aquel(s)
|aquel(s)
|aquel@(s)
|aquel@(s)
|aquelu(s)
| aquelu(s)
|aquelx(s)
|aquelx(s)
|aquile(s)
|aquile(s)
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|-
|-
|daquela/e(s)
|daquela/e(s)
|daquael(s)
| daquael(s)
|daquel(s)
|daquel(s)  
|daquel@(s)
|daquel@(s)  
|daquelu(s)
|daquelu(s)
|daquelx(s)
|daquelx(s)  
|daquile(s)
|daquile(s)
|daquilu(s)
| daquilu(s)
|-
|-
|naquela/e(s)
|naquela/e(s)
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|naquel(s)
|naquel(s)
|naquel@(s)
|naquel@(s)
| naquelu(s)
|naquelu(s)
|naquelx(s)
|naquelx(s)
|naquile(s)
|naquile(s)
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|-
|-
|àquela/e(s)
|àquela/e(s)
|àquael(s)
|àquael(s)  
|àquel(s)
| àquel(s)  
| àquel@(s)
| àquel@(s)
|àquelu(s)  
|àquelu(s)
|àquelx(s)
|àquelx(s)  
| àquile(s)
|àquile(s)
|àquilu(s)
|àquilu(s)
|}
|}


<nowiki>*</nowiki>The use of these sets has been increasingly discouraged for the following reasons: they aren't convenient for people who use screen readers; they can be hard to read for people with dyslexia; they aren't orally pronounceable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orgulhogay.pt/neutralidade-de-genero-na-lingua-portuguesa/|title=NEUTRALIDADE DE GÉNERO NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA|date=17 October 2019|website=ORGULHO GAY|language=Portuguese|trans-title=GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
<nowiki>*</nowiki>The use of these sets has been increasingly discouraged for the following reasons: they aren't convenient for people who use screen readers; they can be hard to read for people with dyslexia; they aren't orally pronounceable.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://orgulhogay.pt/neutralidade-de-genero-na-lingua-portuguesa/|title=NEUTRALIDADE DE GÉNERO NA LÍNGUA PORTUGUESA|date=17 October 2019|website=ORGULHO GAY|language=Portuguese|trans-title=GENDER NEUTRALITY IN THE PORTUGUESE LANGUAGE|access-date=21 June 2021}}</ref>
Some pronouns can depend on the word ending chosen by the user. While each pronoun, typically, has a word ending tied to it, using concordant language is not mandatory. Someone may use the word ending ''eo'' while using the pronoun ''ile'', for example.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Pronouns that can be affected by word ending. Word ending ''a'' used for comparison:
!a
!ae
!-
!@
!u
!x
|-
|esta(s)
|estae(s)
|est(s)
|est@(s)
|estu(s)
|estx(s)
|-
|essa(s)
|essae(s)
|ess(s)
|ess@(s)
|essu(s)
|essx(s)
|-
|minha(s)
|minhae(s)
|?
|minh@(s)
|minhu(s)
|minhx(s)
|-
|tua(s)
|tuae(s)
|?
|tu@(s)
|?
|?
|}
Note that the pronouns ''esta'' and ''essa'' can follow one of two paths when being converted to neutral forms. '''''Est/ess'' + word ending''' or '''letters of personal pronoun before consonant + ''st/ss'' + letters of personal pronoun after consonant'''. The latter only works if the personal pronoun has a consonant in the middle, so it'd work for ''ilu'' but not for ''ael'', for example.


==See also==
==See also==
Retrieved from "https://nonbinary.wiki/wiki/Special:MobileDiff/32340"
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