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Metagender: Difference between revisions
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'''Metagender''' is a term that has been coined multiple times with varying definitions, including multiple [[nonbinary]] [[Gender identity|gender identities]], spiritual and [[Gender-variant identities worldwide|cultural]] identities, a combined gender identity and [[Orientation|romantic and sexual orientation]], a [[Gender Modality|gender modality]], a synonym for gender modality, a description for [[Gender nonconformity|gender-nonconforming behavior]], and a super-set for all gender possibilities. Different definitions have been used for [[LGBT]] self-identifiers, in [[Feminism|feminist]]/[ | '''Metagender''' is a term that has been coined multiple times with varying definitions, including multiple [[nonbinary]] [[Gender identity|gender identities]], spiritual and [[Gender-variant identities worldwide|cultural]] identities, a combined gender identity and [[Orientation|romantic and sexual orientation]], a [[Gender Modality|gender modality]], a synonym for gender modality, a description for [[Gender nonconformity|gender-nonconforming behavior]], and a super-set for all gender possibilities. Different definitions have been used for [[LGBT+]] self-identifiers, in [[Feminism|feminist]]/[[wikipedia:Queer theory|queer theory]] and [[activism]], and in academic settings. | ||
==Usage through history== | ==Usage through history== | ||
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Metagender's early usage by queer communities was recorded in queer and feminist publications, where its definition included post-gender concepts, gender variance, gender-bending, and being neither a man nor a woman. | Metagender's early usage by queer communities was recorded in queer and feminist publications, where its definition included post-gender concepts, gender variance, gender-bending, and being neither a man nor a woman. | ||
In a 1994 letter to the [[wikipedia:San Francisco Bay Times|San Francisco Bay Times]], an [[intersex]] womyn used metagender as an umbrella descriptor for [[Gender variant|gender-variant]] and [[intersex]].<ref name=":12">Jones, Billie Jean. Hernandez, Holly M. (1994). ''GenderFlex''. 4(23). p 13. Retrieved at https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/gx41mh96x "There was an interesting letter in the S.F. Bay Times (August 25, 1994) from a person born intersexed who identified as a feminist member of the womyn's community. This person was highly critical of ' ... this newly expanded, all-inclusive "transgendered" category' and resented being lumped into said category. This person does not openly identify as a TS '...increasingly because of the new tendency to lump all metagender situations together to include men who play at drag.' Railing against the '... insulting-to-womyn draggy/tv posturing', the writer also omitted any mention of FTMs."</ref> | In a 1994 letter to the [[wikipedia:San Francisco Bay Times|San Francisco Bay Times]], an [[intersex]] womyn used metagender as an umbrella descriptor for [[Gender variant|gender-variant]] and [[intersex]].<ref name=":12">Jones, Billie Jean. Hernandez, Holly M. (1994). ''GenderFlex''. 4(23). p 13. Retrieved at https://web.archive.org/web/20201003102227/https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/gx41mh96x "There was an interesting letter in the S.F. Bay Times (August 25, 1994) from a person born intersexed who identified as a feminist member of the womyn's community. This person was highly critical of ' ... this newly expanded, all-inclusive "transgendered" category' and resented being lumped into said category. This person does not openly identify as a TS '...increasingly because of the new tendency to lump all metagender situations together to include men who play at drag.' Railing against the '... insulting-to-womyn draggy/tv posturing', the writer also omitted any mention of FTMs."</ref> | ||
In a 1998 [[wikipedia:Bitch_(magazine)|BITCH magazine]] essay titled "Metagender and the Slow Decline of the Either/Or," Lisa Voldeng and Laura Kloppenberg coined "metagenderism" to "encapsulat[e] all existing, evolving, and unborn gender models: It is the unlimited superset of all possible (non)genders and gender (non)identities, of individual and cultural existence free from binaristic categorization and definition." This definition was coined in contrast with the contemporary "transgenderism" as defined by trans woman and cultural theorist [[wikipedia:Sandy_Stone_(artist)|Sandy Stone]]. Whereas transgender was a category to "include everyone not covered by our culture's narrow terms man and woman," metagenderism entailed "a comprehensive reenvisioning of gender," to serve as "container for all gender identities, encompassing the two-gender system to transgender and beyond."<ref name=":13">Kloppenberg, Laura. Voldeng, Lisa. (1998). "Metagender & the Slow Decline of the Either/Or." ''BITCH'', 3(1), p 33-34.</ref> | In a 1998 [[wikipedia:Bitch_(magazine)|BITCH magazine]] essay titled "Metagender and the Slow Decline of the Either/Or," Lisa Voldeng and Laura Kloppenberg coined "metagenderism" to "encapsulat[e] all existing, evolving, and unborn gender models: It is the unlimited superset of all possible (non)genders and gender (non)identities, of individual and cultural existence free from binaristic categorization and definition." This definition was coined in contrast with the contemporary "transgenderism" as defined by trans woman and cultural theorist [[wikipedia:Sandy_Stone_(artist)|Sandy Stone]]. Whereas transgender was a category to "include everyone not covered by our culture's narrow terms man and woman," metagenderism entailed "a comprehensive reenvisioning of gender," to serve as "container for all gender identities, encompassing the two-gender system to transgender and beyond."<ref name=":13">Kloppenberg, Laura. Voldeng, Lisa. (1998). "Metagender & the Slow Decline of the Either/Or." ''BITCH'', 3(1), p 33-34.</ref> | ||
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====2010s==== | ====2010s==== | ||
In 2012, metagender was defined in HaifischGeweint's Gender 101 as "a gender identity describing a person whose subjective experience of gender is not adequately described by any existing terminology (i.e., I never “met a” gender like you before)."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://haifischgeweint.wordpress.com/gender-101/|title=#Gender101|date=22 April 2012|website=HaifischGeweint|language=en|access-date=28 December 2020|last=|first=|archive-url=|archive-date=|publisher=Wordpress}}</ref> | In 2012, metagender was defined in HaifischGeweint's Gender 101 as "a gender identity describing a person whose subjective experience of gender is not adequately described by any existing terminology (i.e., I never “met a” gender like you before)."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://haifischgeweint.wordpress.com/gender-101/|title=#Gender101|date=22 April 2012|website=HaifischGeweint|language=en|access-date=28 December 2020|last=|first=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408083434/https://haifischgeweint.wordpress.com/gender-101/|archive-date=8 April 2019|publisher=Wordpress|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
In 2014, Metagender was proposed for four different meanings on Tumblr. | In 2014, Metagender was proposed for four different meanings on Tumblr. | ||
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====2020-present==== | ====2020-present==== | ||
[[File:Metagender (black green yellow white 7 stripe).jpg |thumb|A pride flag for the "neither cis nor trans" definition of metagender. The flag consists of seven horizontal stripes which are black, green, yellow, white, yellow, green, and black.]] | [[File:Metagender (black green yellow white 7 stripe).jpg |thumb|A pride flag for the "neither cis nor trans" definition of metagender. The flag consists of seven horizontal stripes which are black, green, yellow, white, yellow, green, and black.]] | ||
In July 2020, metagender was coined again by | In July 2020, metagender was coined again by Evey Winters, Tenacity and others as a [[Gender Modality|gender modality]] for persons who are not [[cisgender]] and do not identify as [[transgender]],<ref name=":16">{{Cite web|url=https://soundsliketransedu.com/metagender/|title=Metagender - Sounds Like Trans Edu|last=|first=|date=2020-10-31|website=web.archive.org|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201031235631/https://soundsliketransedu.com/metagender/|archive-date=2020-10-30|access-date=2021-01-09}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=https://www.facebook.com/groups/281615473111127/|title=Facebook Groups: Metagender and Questioning 🖤💚💛🤍💛💚🖤|last=|first=|date=|website=Facebook|language=en|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201228200140/https://www.facebook.com/groups/281615473111127/|archive-date=2020-12-28|access-date=2020-12-28}}</ref> similar to [[List of uncommon nonbinary identities#Isogender|isogender]] and absgender.<ref>{{cite web|title=Absgender: A genderedness that is between, beyond or removed from the Cisgender/Transgender dichotomy; a gender that is neither Cisgender nor Transgender.|date=29 July 2020|url=https://gender-resource.tumblr.com/post/624951702581362688/absgender-a-genderedness-that-is-between-beyond|access-date=16 January 2022|website=Gender Resource|last=gender-resource|first=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201231191637/https://gender-resource.tumblr.com/post/624951702581362688/absgender-a-genderedness-that-is-between-beyond|archive-date=31 December 2020|publication-place=Tumblr}}</ref> Of the new term, one nonbinary person said: | ||
{{Quote|Not all nonbinary people identify as trans, for various reasons. Because of this, a new term has also been coined to cover nonbinary people: metagender. I do acknowledge that I am technically transgender, but I also feel like the label doesn’t quite fit me. There’s still a lot of binary expectations with being transgender and I don’t see that experience as my own. At the same time, I wholly believe that nonbinary people should be accepted by the transgender community.|B.Alvinia|"Somewhere In Between"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bamuses.wordpress.com/2020/12/12/somewhere-in-between/|title=Somewhere In Between|last=B.Alvinia|date=2020-12-12|website=b.AM Muses|language=en|access-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201210520/https://bamuses.wordpress.com/2020/12/12/somewhere-in-between/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}} | {{Quote|Not all nonbinary people identify as trans, for various reasons. Because of this, a new term has also been coined to cover nonbinary people: metagender. I do acknowledge that I am technically transgender, but I also feel like the label doesn’t quite fit me. There’s still a lot of binary expectations with being transgender and I don’t see that experience as my own. At the same time, I wholly believe that nonbinary people should be accepted by the transgender community.|B.Alvinia|"Somewhere In Between"<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://bamuses.wordpress.com/2020/12/12/somewhere-in-between/|title=Somewhere In Between|last=B.Alvinia|date=2020-12-12|website=b.AM Muses|language=en|access-date=2021-01-01|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201210520/https://bamuses.wordpress.com/2020/12/12/somewhere-in-between/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref>}} | ||
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===Bugis society of Indonesia=== | ===Bugis society of Indonesia=== | ||
For 600 years into the present day, Bugis Society recognizes four genders, plus a fifth gender, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Bissu|bissu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|title=This Indonesian community has five genders — one of them is under threat of dying out|last=Ibrahim|first=Farid|date=2019-02-26|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref> Bissu, seen as a gender which combines and transcends other genders, has been labeled a "meta-gender" identity by anthropologists since 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insideindonesia.org/sulawesis-fifth-gender?highlight=WyJzaGFyeW4iLCJncmFoYW0iLCJncmFoYW0ncyIsInNoYXJ5biBncmFoYW0iXQ%3D%3D|title=Sulawesi's fifth gender|last=Graham|first=Sharyn|date=2001|website=Inside Indonesia|language=en-gb|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=}} 66: Apr-Jun. Retrieved January 08, 2021.</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Qoq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7lpfamPTtAhWG7KQKHRfYAXEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg | For 600 years into the present day, Bugis Society recognizes four genders, plus a fifth gender, [[Gender-variant identities worldwide#Bissu|bissu]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-02-27/indonesia-fifth-gender-might-soon-disappear/10846570|title=This Indonesian community has five genders — one of them is under threat of dying out|last=Ibrahim|first=Farid|date=2019-02-26|website=www.abc.net.au|language=en-AU|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2020-12-29}}</ref> Bissu, seen as a gender which combines and transcends other genders, has been labeled a "meta-gender" identity by anthropologists since 2001.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insideindonesia.org/sulawesis-fifth-gender?highlight=WyJzaGFyeW4iLCJncmFoYW0iLCJncmFoYW0ncyIsInNoYXJ5biBncmFoYW0iXQ%3D%3D|title=Sulawesi's fifth gender|last=Graham|first=Sharyn|date=2001|website=Inside Indonesia|language=en-gb|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128121628/https://www.insideindonesia.org/sulawesis-fifth-gender?highlight=WyJzaGFyeW4iLCJncmFoYW0iLCJncmFoYW0ncyIsInNoYXJ5biBncmFoYW0iXQ%3D%3D|archive-date=2021-11-28|access-date=|url-status=dead}} 66: Apr-Jun. Retrieved January 08, 2021.</ref><ref name=":11">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=Qoq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7lpfamPTtAhWG7KQKHRfYAXEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg|title=The spectrum of sex: the science of male, female, and intersex|last=Viloria|first=Hida|last2=Law|first2=Alex|last3=Nieto|first3=María|last4=ProQuest (Firme)|date=2020|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-1-78775-265-8|location=London and Philadelphia|pages=102|language=English|oclc=1149536934|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072450/https://books.google.de/books?id=Qoq5DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7lpfamPTtAhWG7KQKHRfYAXEQ6AEwAHoECAAQAg#v=onepage&q=%22meta-gender%22%20OR%20%22meta-gendered%22%20OR%20%22metagenderism%22%20OR%20%22metagender%22%20OR%20%20%22metagendered%22&f=false|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=29 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> "''Bissu'' embody elements of all genders within them, and thereby occupy a space outside or above any single gender identity. They are essentially beyond gender — ‘meta-gender’ or ‘gender-transcendent’ as they are sometimes described."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://learn.akkadium.com/beyond-binary-five-genders-of-the-bugis/|title=Beyond Binary: Five genders of the Bugis|last=Mark Anderson|date=2016-08-15|website=Akkadium College|language=en-US|access-date=2020-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419055419/https://learn.akkadium.com/beyond-binary-five-genders-of-the-bugis/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> This usage of meta-gender was later adopted in [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_of_Indonesia Bahasa Indonesia] (the official language of Indonesia) as a loanword for describing the bissu, serving as a category for genders that transcend gender roles and a description of transcending gendered power relations to reach higher powers.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://slashqueer.com/the-bugis-of-indonesia-english-dubbed-transcript|title=The Bugis of Indonesia ENGLISH DUBBED- Transcript|website=/Queer|language=en-US|access-date=2020-12-30|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230419055417/https://slashqueer.com/the-bugis-of-indonesia-english-dubbed-transcript|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>Williams, Georgie. "[https://castbox.fm/app/castbox/player/id2443104/id311755818?v=8.22.11 /Queer – The Bugis of Indonesia (No Dub)]" ''/queer'' (Podcast). Retrieved 30 December 2020. [https://web.archive.org/web/20220127045715/https://castbox.fm/app/castbox/player/id2443104/id311755818?v=8.22.11 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.blamakassar.kemenag.go.id/berita/pertunjukan-terakhir-kisah-para-bissu-dalam-impitan-kapitalisme-dari-atas-dan-bawah|title=Pertunjukan Terakhir: Kisah para Bissu dalam Impitan Kapitalisme dari Atas dan Bawah|last=|first=|date=2020-10-21|website=www.blamakassar.kemenag.go.id|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201130150717/https://blamakassar.kemenag.go.id/berita/pertunjukan-terakhir-kisah-para-bissu-dalam-impitan-kapitalisme-dari-atas-dan-bawah|archive-date=2020-11-30|access-date=2020-12-31|url-status=dead}}</ref> | ||
===Theology, anthropology, and spirituality === | ===Theology, anthropology, and spirituality === | ||
Metagender is used to describe [[gender variance in spirituality]], anthropology, and religion. Multiple religious or spiritual concepts and identities have been called metagender. In anthropology, spiritual [[third gender]] identities have been labeled metagender. In theology of multiple religions, spiritual identities—some divine and others obtainable by religious adherents—have been labeled meta-gender. | Metagender is used to describe [[gender variance in spirituality]], anthropology, and religion. Multiple religious or spiritual concepts and identities have been called metagender. In anthropology, spiritual [[third gender]] identities have been labeled metagender. In theology of multiple religions, spiritual identities—some divine and others obtainable by religious adherents—have been labeled meta-gender. | ||
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====Gender-variant figures in spirituality and religion==== | ====Gender-variant figures in spirituality and religion==== | ||
In addition to human spiritual identities, divine beings have been called "meta-gendered"—in the sense of transcending human gender categories—in religious scholarship and education of multiple religions. Examples include angels in Islam,<ref name=":10" /> the Christian God,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=KUdgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii4fLGj_TtAhXCuaQKHailDPkQ6AEwBnoECAUQAg | In addition to human spiritual identities, divine beings have been called "meta-gendered"—in the sense of transcending human gender categories—in religious scholarship and education of multiple religions. Examples include angels in Islam,<ref name=":10" /> the Christian God,<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=KUdgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii4fLGj_TtAhXCuaQKHailDPkQ6AEwBnoECAUQAg|title=Reforming worship: English reformed principles and practice|last=|first=|date=2012|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|year=|isbn=978-1-61097-320-5|location=Eugene, Or.|pages=|language=English|oclc=801440436|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072446/https://books.google.de/books?id=KUdgBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA55&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii4fLGj_TtAhXCuaQKHailDPkQ6AEwBnoECAUQAg#v=onepage&q=%22meta-gender%22%20OR%20%22meta-gendered%22%20OR%20%22metagenderism%22%20OR%20%22metagender%22%20OR%20%22metagendered%22&f=false|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=29 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.gender-curricula.com/en/curriculum/theologie-katholisch|title=Gender Curricula für Bachelor- und Masterstudiengänge: Curriculum Catholic Theology|website=www.gender-curricula.com|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323152543/https://www.gender-curricula.com/en/curriculum/theologie-katholisch|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=":9" /> and other spiritualities.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=JS1xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT115&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWzPWWj_TtAhWICOwKHZh8AWEQ6AEwA3oECAYQAg|title=Spirit speak: knowing and understanding spirit guides, ancestors, ghosts, angels, and the divine|last=Domínguez|first=Ivo|date=2008|publisher=New Page Books|year=|isbn=978-1-60163-002-5|location=Franklin Lakes, NJ|pages=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072446/https://books.google.de/books?id=JS1xDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT115&dq=%22meta-gender%22+OR+%22meta-gendered%22+OR+%22metagenderism%22+OR+%22metagender%22+OR+%22metagendered%22&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjWzPWWj_TtAhWICOwKHZh8AWEQ6AEwA3oECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=%22meta-gender%22%20OR%20%20%22meta-gendered%22%20OR%20%22metagenderism%22%20OR%20%22metagender%22%20OR%20%22metagendered%22&f=false|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=29 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> One [[Pagan|neopagan]] deity, Paneros of the Tetrad++, was "birthed" specifically as a metagendered deity.<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/946958644|title=All-soul, all-body, all-love, all-power a transmythology|last=Lupus|first=P. Sufenas Virius|date=2016|isbn=978-1-4750-2528-6|language=English|oclc=946958644|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072456/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/946958644|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=29 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://psufenasviriuslupus.wordpress.com/pantheons/the-antinoan-pantheon/paneros-of-the-tetrad/|title=Paneros of the Tetrad++|date=2019-01-28|website=P. SUFENAS VIRIUS LUPUS|language=en|access-date=2020-12-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072949/https://psufenasviriuslupus.wordpress.com/pantheons/the-antinoan-pantheon/paneros-of-the-tetrad/|archive-date=2023-07-20|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> | ||
===Academic and technical usage=== | ===Academic and technical usage=== | ||
Metagender(ed) (sometimes meta-gender(ed) or metagenderism) has been used to describe "the academic engagement with or the theorizing of gender,"<ref>{{Cite book|title=Africa after gender?|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2007|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=978-0-253-34816-6|editor-first=Catherine M.|editor-last=Cole|editor-first2=Takyiwaa|editor-last2=Manuh|editor-first3=Stephan|editor-last3=Miescher|last=|first=|year=|pages=287, 289}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/1137077647|title=Queering knowledge: analytics, devices and investments after Marilyn Strathern|last=Boyce|first=Paul|last2=Gonzalez-Polledo|first2=E. J|last3=Posocco|first3=Silvia|date=2020|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-1-138-23098-9|location=|pages=Note 20|language=English|oclc=1137077647|archive-url= | Metagender(ed) (sometimes meta-gender(ed) or metagenderism) has been used to describe "the academic engagement with or the theorizing of gender,"<ref>{{Cite book|title=Africa after gender?|publisher=Indiana University Press|date=2007|location=Bloomington, IN|isbn=978-0-253-34816-6|editor-first=Catherine M.|editor-last=Cole|editor-first2=Takyiwaa|editor-last2=Manuh|editor-first3=Stephan|editor-last3=Miescher|last=|first=|year=|pages=287, 289}}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/1137077647|title=Queering knowledge: analytics, devices and investments after Marilyn Strathern|last=Boyce|first=Paul|last2=Gonzalez-Polledo|first2=E. J|last3=Posocco|first3=Silvia|date=2020|publisher=|year=|isbn=978-1-138-23098-9|location=|pages=Note 20|language=English|oclc=1137077647|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721212139/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/1137077647|archive-date=21 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}} Note 20.</ref> religious identities and spiritual states that transcend gender,<ref name=":7">Scherer, Burkhard. (2006). ‘Gender Transformed and Meta-gendered Enlightenment: Reading Buddhist Narratives as Paradigms of Inclusiveness’ ''Revista de Estudos da Religião'' – REVER 6(3), pp. 65-76.</ref><ref name=":8">{{Cite book|url=https://doi.org/10.3138/9781442664579|title=Writing Women Saints in Anglo-Saxon England|last=Szarmach|first=Paul|date=2019|isbn=978-1-4426-6457-9|oclc=1091659301|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720072953/https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.3138/9781442664579/html|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name=":9">{{Cite book|title=The third gender and Ælfric's Lives of saints|last=McDaniel|first=Rhonda L.|date=2018|publisher=Medieval Institute Publications, Western Michigan University|isbn=978-1-58044-309-8|series=Richard Rawlinson Center series|location=Kalamazoo}}</ref><ref name=":10">{{Cite journal|last=al-Khawaldeh|first=Samira|date=2015-05-06|title=“The One Raised in Ornament?” Gendering Issues in the Qurʾan|url=https://brill.com/view/journals/haww/13/1/article-p1_1.xml|journal=Hawwa|volume=13|issue=1|pages=1–24|doi=10.1163/15692086-12341271|issn=1569-2078|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115235042/https://brill.com/view/journals/haww/13/1/article-p1_1.xml|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://public.ebookcentral.proquest.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=5213031|title=Gender, sex, and sexualities: psychological perspectives|last=Dess|first=Nancy Kimberly|last2=Marecek|first2=Jeanne|last3=Bell|first3=Leslie C|date=2018|isbn=978-0-19-065855-7|language=English|oclc=1018308022|archive-url=False|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> systems of gender,<ref name=":18">{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/953860344|title=Negotiating Boundaries? Identities, Sexualities, Diversities|last=Beckett|first=Clare|last2=Heathcote|first2=Owen|last3=Macey|first3=Marie|date=2009|isbn=978-1-4438-1092-0|language=English|oclc=953860344|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230721212139/https://www.worldcat.org/title/mediawiki/oclc/953860344|archive-date=21 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.3726/978-3-0353-0144-1/2|title=Queering Paradigms II|publisher=Peter Lang|isbn=978-3-0343-0295-1|year=2011|editor-last=Scherer|editor-first=Bee|editor-first2=Matthew|editor-last2=Ball|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074053/https://www.peterlang.com/document/1052082|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> sets of gender,<ref name=":21">{{Cite journal|last=Chen|first=Boyu|last2=Jin|first2=Hao|last3=Yang|first3=Zhiwen|last4=Qu|first4=Yingying|last5=Weng|first5=Heng|last6=Hao|first6=Tianyong|date=2019-04-09|title=An approach for transgender population information extraction and summarization from clinical trial text|url=https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0768-1|journal=BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making|volume=19|issue=2|pages=62|doi=10.1186/s12911-019-0768-1|issn=1472-6947|pmc=PMC6454593|pmid=30961595|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230521084657/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-019-0768-1|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> being beyond or outside binary gender categories,<ref name=":5">{{Cite journal|last=|first=|date=1987|title=Annales D'archéologie Égéenne de L'Université de Liège|url=https://books.google.de/books?id=f1fFPmPBAYcC|journal=Aegaeum|volume=30|pages=231|quote=We can see...what does help us to approach the door that opens onto Minoan realities is to study the meta-gender of the aniconic. We discern a cluster of symbols that were definitely greater than just female or male.|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230518115259/https://books.google.de/books?id=f1fFPmPBAYcC|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=":4">{{Cite book|url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118294291.ch24|title=A Companion to Gender Prehistory|last=Hitchcock|first=Louise|last2=Nikolaidou|first2=Marianna|date=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Ltd|isbn=978-1-118-29429-1|pages=502–525|language=en|doi=10.1002/9781118294291.ch24|year=|location=|quote=Applying the concept of a third gender is rare in Aegean scholarship... Cadogan observes that the genderless aspects of Minoan culture... are understudied. He believes that the term 'meta-gender' better conveys something above and beyond binary categories.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220127062727/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118294291.ch24|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/jamesjoyceproble0000vale/page/136/mode/2up?q=metagender|title=James Joyce and the problem of justice: negotiating sexual and colonial difference|last=Valente|first=Joseph|date=1995|publisher=Cambridge University Press|year=|isbn=978-0-521-47369-9|location=Cambridge [England] ; New York|pages=|archive-url=False|archive-date=17 July 2023}} "Since to be human is to be sexed, there can be no metagender position in discourse, no superintending perspective on the question of gender and its associated baggage."</ref><ref>Kazanjian, David (2011). "[https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/discourse/vol33/iss3/4/ Re-flexion: Genocide in Ruins]," ''Discourse: Journal for Theoretical Studies in Media and Culture'': 33(3), Article 4. "She is doubly excluded by Creon, then: a resident alien who must reside amongst the dead, a meta-gendered subject denied both the male polis and the female oikos." [https://web.archive.org/web/20220420013652/https://digitalcommons.wayne.edu/discourse/vol33/iss3/4/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Goodman, Z. J. (1997). [https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/20041/thesis_hum_1997_goodman_zilla_jane.pdf?sequence=1 Representations of the other in modern Hebrew literature](PhD). University of Cape Town. [https://web.archive.org/web/20230703210939/https://open.uct.ac.za/bitstream/handle/11427/20041/thesis_hum_1997_goodman_zilla_jane.pdf?sequence=1 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> applying regardless of gender or to all genders equally,<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=none&isbn=9781351984041|title=Shakespeare and Feminist Criticism (1991): an Annotated Bibliography and Commentary|last=Kolin|first=Philip C|date=2017|isbn=978-1-351-98403-4|language=English|oclc=1052448663|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074055/https://www.vlebooks.com/Account/Logon/none?returnurl=https%3a%2f%2fwww.vlebooks.com%2fproduct%2fopenreader%3fid%3dnone%26isbn%3d9781351984041|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.vlebooks.com/vleweb/product/openreader?id=Edinburgh&isbn=9781137054425|title=Doing feminist research in political and social science|last=Ackerly|first=Brooke A|last2=True|first2=Jacqui|date=2010|publisher=Palgrave Macmillan|isbn=978-1-137-05442-5|location=Basingstoke; New York|language=English|oclc=1203336058|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074016/https://www.ease.ed.ac.uk/cosign.cgi?cosign-eucsCosign-idp.ed.ac.uk&https://idp.ed.ac.uk/idp/profile/SAML2/Redirect/SSO?SAMLRequest=fVLLbtswEPwVgXeR1AOWRFgO3BhFDaSNYTk99EZSq5iIRKokZTd%2FX9qqgPSSI8HdmdmZWT%2F8GfroAtYpo2uUYIoi0NK0Sr%2FW6OX0NS7Rw2bt%2BNCPbDv5sz7C7wmcj8Keduz%2BUaPJama4U45pPoBjXrJm%2B%2F2JpZiy0RpvpOlRtHUOrA9Ej0a7aQDbgL0oCS%2FHpxqdvR8dI0QarUF6bEbQ3J9BO6zBk1duWx1kYmkG0mZtueJpHidUJHFe8iTmpejirFwlRbFquzIvCQ9qiZUXctOYktE4j6JdkK4C7v3ahVK1I4YWc4mnt9uDBMmd6oHcbkjJEVplgyTSNM8o2u9qBDwTokoCXQX5qhJVlUKRdIK2bcZFJ8KUcxPstfNc%2BxqlNM1iWsQpPdGC5ZQlFBcJ%2FYWiwz9zvig9W%2F6Zk2Iecuzb6XSID8%2FNCUU%2Fl%2BjCAJqDYndy%2ByGhz2H5EgvaLI5cr1d86UEY8zY7bjgB7ZV%2FX5MPFEsxfgTM%2Fe5geiXfo23fm%2BujBe4hFAqRzbzyf302fwE%3D&RelayState=https%3A%2F%2Fconnect.openathens.net%2Foidc%2Fauth%3Fclient_id%3Dgardners.com.oidc-app-v1.d998531e-01fc-4b98-83f1-07872f7801c0%26redirect_uri%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fauth.vlebooks.com%252Fredirect%26response_type%3Dcode%2520id_token%26scope%3Dopenid%26response_mode%3Dform_post%26nonce%3D638254356100750051.NDdkZjVkYmItMWYxYi00ZTRiLTk0NDgtYzc2NjlkNGMwYmQyMWJkZTE3ODUtNWU2Yy00ZWIwLWFkZTAtMjkzYzg4YWJhMDM4%26state%3DCfDJ8PrZ0Mm7DlVBoy_KlBtLPT565q0osSKlUWJmdwlV_sR9RDIxZrBNhYqUHEt6SdbreU0jQPmEhBTMinfdGlViKg2iWK-xj5Q8fSHAv-NJ-RuaRA7frC7zFL_Xf63OVH_e6jIDF6PWDNG9Bw4WEG6BIc-UTY1BKFxrco_dchdoAg4T8Drtgcj_8RzpnnZAlIgiOodt9EMJxUxuxd0OWycI1rMeYxwvjqOjkflcrFaa6xcOAfwdxOijx5uiLS5qxX-lXq8D3YU1NPU8y7f07kVlae4wdVo4Om0wmRbakOczavx8uF4OuxflYfkctNrg1oqX9QfzDcLDVGyHDSsRaoH0tB6KEVdLkJqNtpyuHVpcf_fc%26x-client-SKU%3DID_NETSTANDARD2_0%26x-client-ver%3D6.10.0.0|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name=":1" /><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Hussein Ali|first=Zahra A.|date=2018-09-01|title=George Meredith, John S. Mill, and Liberalized Womanhood|url=https://www.utexaspressjournals.org/doi/10.7560/TSLL60303|journal=Texas Studies in Literature and Language|volume=60|issue=3|pages=316–345|doi=10.7560/TSLL60303|issn=0040-4691|quote=...a triadic logos that interrelates "[b]lood and brain and spirit, three," which if "parted," "[s]ome one sailing will be wrecked!" ("Woods" 352, 355, 356). (8) This logos is meta-gender, and it can accommodate a broad spectrum of socioeconomic positions, from the liberal to the conservative.|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074557/https://www.utexaspressjournals.org/doi/10.7560/TSLL60303|archive-date=2023-07-20|access-date=2021-01-02|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Morozova|first=Iryna I.|date=2016|title=A woman in the victorian female discourse.|url=https://lingvj.oa.edu.ua/articles/2016/n61/84.pdf|journal=Наукові записки Національного університету Острозька академія. Серія: Філологічна|volume=61|issue=|pages=218-220.|doi=|issn=|quote=The Victorian woman’s discourse is dominated by the situational and contextual factors; on the other hand, the factor of gender is of relative importance. This testifies preeminence of the metagender (common to the society / mankind on the whole) in the stereotypic communication of the Victorian woman.|via=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230115235051/https://lingvj.oa.edu.ua/articles/2016/n61/84.pdf|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ilina|first=Ekaterina V.|last2=Polyakova|first2=Tatyana A.|date=31 May 2021|title=Language Androcentrism in British Textbooks in the 80s of the XXth century|url=https://ap.pensoft.net/article/22752/|journal=ARPHA Proceedings|volume=4|pages=424-431|quote=This point of classification of signs of androcentrism is achieved due to the fact that the pronoun he is used as a metagender, so it can replace the representatives of any gender, although, from the context, it follows that this neutral pronoun refers to a man only.|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230401003852/https://ap.pensoft.net/article/22752/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> gender studies about gender studies,<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Sun|first=Yinying|last2=Lou|first2=Wen|last3=Zhang|first3=Lin|date=13 October 2021|title=Meta-gender-study: A Gender Study of Global Distribution on Gender Studies|url=https://doi.org/10.1002/pra2.581|journal=Annual Meeting of the Association for Information Science & Technology|volume=84th|pages=839-841|doi=|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074508/https://asistdl.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/pra2.581|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=5 November 2021|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref> and otherwise being about gender.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Devlin-Glass|first=Frances|date=1998|title='Teasing the audience with the play': feminism and Shakespeare at the Melbourne Theatre Company, 1984-93|url=http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2870817|journal=Australasian Drama Studies|volume=|issue=33|pages=21-39|doi=|issn=0810-4123|via=https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=200000904;res=IELAPA|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074509/https://academic.oup.com/crawlprevention/governor?content=%2fsq%2farticle%2f40%2f2%2f165-174%2f5084521|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=26 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}}</ref><ref name=":0" /> | ||
Examples: | Examples: | ||
{{Quote|These dynamics are meta-gendered, in that they impact men and women and those who don’t identify in the binary, without particular discrimination, putting all of us at risk for weirdly pervasive and unexamined suffering.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=How not to be a hot mess: a semi-Buddhist guide for surviving modern life|url=https://www.overdrive.com/search?q=BFBB0679-884D-4AB3-9A4B-8E9F89EA5615|date=2020|isbn=978-0-8348-4269-4|oclc=1151626639|language=English|first=Craig|last=Hase|first2=Devon|last2=Hase|archive-url= | {{Quote|These dynamics are meta-gendered, in that they impact men and women and those who don’t identify in the binary, without particular discrimination, putting all of us at risk for weirdly pervasive and unexamined suffering.<ref name=":1">{{Cite book|title=How not to be a hot mess: a semi-Buddhist guide for surviving modern life|url=https://www.overdrive.com/search?q=BFBB0679-884D-4AB3-9A4B-8E9F89EA5615|date=2020|isbn=978-0-8348-4269-4|oclc=1151626639|language=English|first=Craig|last=Hase|first2=Devon|last2=Hase|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230720074508/https://www.overdrive.com/media/5043171/how-not-to-be-a-hot-mess|archive-date=20 July 2023|access-date=25 December 2020|url-status=bot: unknown}} Retrieved at https://archive.org/details/how-not-to-be-a-hot-mess/page/n51/mode/2up?q=%22meta-gendered%22</ref>|Craig & Devon Hase|2020||||lang1=|col2=}}{{Quote|All the mapped gender types with valid annotations are split into a list of meta gender types, i.e., ‘Biological Male’, ‘Biological Female’, ‘Transgender Male’ and ‘Transgender Female.’<ref name=":21" />|An approach for transgender population information extraction and summarization from clinical trial text|2019}} | ||