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A 2006 study found that HRT in trans men correlates with in an increase in brain volume up to male proportions.<ref name="eje-utrecht">{{cite journal|author=Hulshoff, Cohen-Kettenis|date=July 2006|title=Changing your sex changes your brain: influences of testosterone and estrogen on adult human brain structure|url=http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/suppl_1/S107|journal=European Journal of Endocrinology|issue=suppl_1|pages=107–114|doi=10.1530/eje.1.02248|issn=0804-4643|volume=155|display-authors=1|last2=Cohen-Kettenis|first2=P. T|last3=Van Haren|first3=N. E M|last4=Peper|first4=J. S|last5=Brans|first5=R. G H|last6=Cahn|first6=W.|last7=Schnack|first7=H. G|last8=Gooren|first8=L. J G|last9=Kahn|first9=R. S|access-date=2007-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411003628/http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/suppl_1/S107|archive-date=2011-04-11|url-status=dead|doi-access=free}}</ref> | A 2006 study found that HRT in trans men correlates with in an increase in brain volume up to male proportions.<ref name="eje-utrecht">{{cite journal|author=Hulshoff, Cohen-Kettenis|date=July 2006|title=Changing your sex changes your brain: influences of testosterone and estrogen on adult human brain structure|url=http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/suppl_1/S107|journal=European Journal of Endocrinology|issue=suppl_1|pages=107–114|doi=10.1530/eje.1.02248|issn=0804-4643|volume=155|display-authors=1|last2=Cohen-Kettenis|first2=P. T|last3=Van Haren|first3=N. E M|last4=Peper|first4=J. S|last5=Brans|first5=R. G H|last6=Cahn|first6=W.|last7=Schnack|first7=H. G|last8=Gooren|first8=L. J G|last9=Kahn|first9=R. S|access-date=2007-12-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110411003628/http://www.eje-online.org/cgi/content/abstract/155/suppl_1/S107|archive-date=2011-04-11|url-status=dead|doi-access=free}}</ref> | ||
On the other hand, the reality of distinct differences between the brains of men and women is disputed by various neurologists. British neuroscientist Gina Rippon, author of the 2019 book ''Gendered Brain: The New Neuroscience that Shatters the Myth of the Female Brain'', argues that there is not a "single item type as a male brain or a female brain", instead that "everybody is actually made up of a whole pattern of things, which is maybe due to their biology and maybe due to their different experiences in life."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title='Every brain is different from every other brain’: Author Gina Rippon challenges gender stereotypes|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/article-every-brain-is-different-from-every-other-brain-author-gina-rippon/|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205327/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/article-every-brain-is-different-from-every-other-brain-author-gina-rippon/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> She puts forward the idea that "every brain is different from every other brain".<ref name=":2" /> Rippon is opposed to the "continued emphasis on '[[gender essentialism|essentialist]]', brain-based explanations in both public communication of, and research into, many forms of gender imbalance."<ref>{{cite journal | last = Rippon | first = Gina | title = The trouble with girls? | journal = [[The Psychologist (magazine)|The Psychologist]] | volume = 29 | issue = 12 | pages = 918–922 | publisher = British Psychological Society | date = December 2016 | url = https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-29/december-2016/trouble-girls | ref = harv }}</ref> | On the other hand, the reality of distinct differences between the brains of men and women is disputed by various neurologists. British neuroscientist Gina Rippon, author of the 2019 book ''Gendered Brain: The New Neuroscience that Shatters the Myth of the Female Brain'', argues that there is not a "single item type as a male brain or a female brain", instead that "everybody is actually made up of a whole pattern of things, which is maybe due to their biology and maybe due to their different experiences in life."<ref name=":2">{{Cite news|title='Every brain is different from every other brain’: Author Gina Rippon challenges gender stereotypes|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/article-every-brain-is-different-from-every-other-brain-author-gina-rippon/|access-date=2020-08-06|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201111205327/https://www.theglobeandmail.com/life/health-and-fitness/article-every-brain-is-different-from-every-other-brain-author-gina-rippon/|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> She puts forward the idea that "every brain is different from every other brain".<ref name=":2" /> Rippon is opposed to the "continued emphasis on '[[gender essentialism|essentialist]]', brain-based explanations in both public communication of, and research into, many forms of gender imbalance."<ref>{{cite journal | last = Rippon | first = Gina | title = The trouble with girls? | journal = [[The Psychologist (magazine)|The Psychologist]] | volume = 29 | issue = 12 | pages = 918–922 | publisher = British Psychological Society | date = December 2016 | url = https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-29/december-2016/trouble-girls | ref = harv | access-date = 2020-10-05 | archive-date = 2020-11-11 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20201111172602/https://thepsychologist.bps.org.uk/volume-29/december-2016/trouble-girls | url-status = dead }}</ref> | ||
====Effects on migraines==== | ====Effects on migraines==== | ||
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====Implants==== | ====Implants==== | ||
Implants, as subcutaneous pellets, can be used to deliver testosterone (brand name Testopel). 6 to 12 pellets are inserted under the skin every three months. This must be done in a physician's office, but is a relatively minor procedure done under local anesthetic. Pellets cost about $60 each, so the cost is greater than injected testosterone when the cost of the physician visit and procedure are included. The primary advantages of Testopel are that it gives a much more constant blood level of testosterone yet requires attention only four times yearly. One common risk of any kind of implants is that the body can reject them. This often happens with testosterone implants, causing the implant to emerge from deep and painful skin lesions. One trans-masculine blogger, K-CON, posted weekly blog updates about being on Testopel for over a year, and his resulting complications (pellets failing to dissolve at the rate claimed by the manufacturer, implant rejection, leading to infection, pain, and surgery under general anesthesia to remove the pellets and the damaged tissue). He summarized his experience in [https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel a post where he explains why he would not recommend Testopel to anyone].<ref>K-CON. "What's Testopel?" ''K-CON'' (personal blog). 2018. https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel [https://web.archive.org/web/20210206180405/https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | Implants, as subcutaneous pellets, can be used to deliver testosterone (brand name Testopel). 6 to 12 pellets are inserted under the skin every three months. This must be done in a physician's office, but is a relatively minor procedure done under local anesthetic. Pellets cost about $60 each, so the cost is greater than injected testosterone when the cost of the physician visit and procedure are included. The primary advantages of Testopel are that it gives a much more constant blood level of testosterone yet requires attention only four times yearly. One common risk of any kind of implants is that the body can reject them. This often happens with testosterone implants, causing the implant to emerge from deep and painful skin lesions. One trans-masculine blogger, K-CON, posted weekly blog updates about being on Testopel for over a year, and his resulting complications (pellets failing to dissolve at the rate claimed by the manufacturer, implant rejection, leading to infection, pain, and surgery under general anesthesia to remove the pellets and the damaged tissue). He summarized his experience in [https://web.archive.org/web/20210206180405/https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel a post where he explains why he would not recommend Testopel to anyone].<ref>K-CON. "What's Testopel?" ''K-CON'' (personal blog). 2018. https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel [https://web.archive.org/web/20210206180405/https://k-con.today/post/172598026877/whats-testopel Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
====Oral==== | ====Oral==== | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[http://www.ftminfo.net/ FTM Informational Network] | *[http://www.ftminfo.net/ FTM Informational Network] | ||
*[http://www.forge-forward.org/socialsupport/hormones2003.html FTM Hormone Information] - Very informative with different topics than this article | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20120418075721/http://www.forge-forward.org/socialsupport/hormones2003.html FTM Hormone Information] - Very informative with different topics than this article | ||
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20070315211232/http://www.dph.sf.ca.us/chn/HlthCtrs/HlthCtrDocs/TransGendprotocols.pdf Tom Waddell Clinic Transgender Protocol] - MTF and FTM clinical protocols aimed at providers | *[https://web.archive.org/web/20070315211232/http://www.dph.sf.ca.us/chn/HlthCtrs/HlthCtrDocs/TransGendprotocols.pdf Tom Waddell Clinic Transgender Protocol] - MTF and FTM clinical protocols aimed at providers | ||
*[http://www.nickgorton.org Medical Therapy and Health Maintenance for Transgender Men: A Guide For Health Care Providers]: a free online medical book. | *[http://www.nickgorton.org Medical Therapy and Health Maintenance for Transgender Men: A Guide For Health Care Providers]: a free online medical book. | ||
[[Category:Transition]] | [[Category:Transition]] |