18
edits
Gender recognition: Difference between revisions
no edit summary
No edit summary Tag: 2017 source edit |
No edit summary |
||
| (10 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
| Line 43: | Line 43: | ||
| [[Recognition (Argentina)|Argentina]] | | [[Recognition (Argentina)|Argentina]] | ||
| style="background-color:#9ff;" | Identity documents can be issued without a gender marker at all thanks to the Gender Identity Law, passed in 2012. In November 2018, two nonbinary people were able to make this change without a judicial procedure for the first time.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite DNI sin indicación de sexo y como un trámite] — Página12 (in Spanish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517052156/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#9ff;" | Identity documents can be issued without a gender marker at all thanks to the Gender Identity Law, passed in 2012. In November 2018, two nonbinary people were able to make this change without a judicial procedure for the first time.<ref>[https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite DNI sin indicación de sexo y como un trámite] — Página12 (in Spanish) [https://web.archive.org/web/20210517052156/https://www.pagina12.com.ar/152857-dni-sin-indicacion-de-sexo-y-como-un-tramite Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Argentina allows transgender people to get access to legal and medical resources they need to transition, without requiring these things in order to be legally recognized as their gender. They can change their legal gender based on their written declaration, without even a diagnosis.<ref>"Argentina Adopts Groundbreaking Gender Identity Law." Transgender Europe. May 10, 2012. http://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007090552/https://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> See Argentina's Gender Identity Law as of 2012 [ | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Argentina allows transgender people to get access to legal and medical resources they need to transition, without requiring these things in order to be legally recognized as their gender. They can change their legal gender based on their written declaration, without even a diagnosis.<ref>"Argentina Adopts Groundbreaking Gender Identity Law." Transgender Europe. May 10, 2012. http://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007090552/https://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> See Argentina's Gender Identity Law as of 2012 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142254/https://tgeu.org/argentina-gender-identity-law/ here]. While this law is said to be the most progressive transgender law in the world,<ref>"FAQ about identity documents." Lambda Legal. http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/identity-document-faq [https://web.archive.org/web/20230310122512/http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/identity-document-faq Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> it doesn't directly mention intersex or nonbinary people. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 72: | Line 72: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Bolivia)|Bolivia]] | | [[Recognition (Bolivia)|Bolivia]] | ||
| | | | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since August 2016, transgender people in Bolivia can change their legal gender as long as they are over 18 years old, pass a psychological test and write a letter of application.<ref>[https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Bolivia-Lets-Transgender-People-Choose-Their-Legal-Identity-20160802-0034.html Bolivia Lets Transgender People Choose Their Legal Identity] — Tele Sur (English edition). [https://web.archive.org/web/20221003190248/https://www.telesurenglish.net/news/Bolivia-Lets-Transgender-People-Choose-Their-Legal-Identity-20160802-0034.html Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 80: | Line 80: | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |||
| [[Recognition (Brazil)|Brazil]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Bulgaria)|Bulgaria]] | | [[Recognition (Bulgaria)|Bulgaria]] | ||
| Line 97: | Line 102: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Chile)|Chile]] | | [[Recognition (Chile)|Chile]] | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Requires a court order in order to have an "X" gender option. | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Colombia)|Colombia]] | | [[Recognition (Colombia)|Colombia]] | ||
| style="background-color:# | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In February 2022, the Constitutional Court of Colombia ruled that a non-binary person was entitled to a birth certificate and identity card with a "no binario"/"NB" gender marker.<ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/08/colombias-constitutional-court-advances-gender-diversity [https://web.archive.org/web/20230510005621/https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/08/colombias-constitutional-court-advances-gender-diversity Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Since August 2023, passports issued within Colombia included 3 options of namely male, female and X.<ref>https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1821705/colombia-adds-non-binary-gender-option-on-passports</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412 |website=International Business Times|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex On IDs Without Physical Exams|last=Lee|first=Brianna|date=2015|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510021641/https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412 |website=International Business Times|title=Colombia Allows Transgender Community To Change Sex On IDs Without Physical Exams|last=Lee|first=Brianna|date=2015|access-date=26 September 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230510021641/https://www.ibtimes.com/colombia-allows-transgender-community-change-sex-ids-without-physical-exams-1957412|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 138: | Line 143: | ||
| [[Recognition (Finland)|Finland]] | | [[Recognition (Finland)|Finland]] | ||
| | | | ||
| style="background-color:# | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition as of 2023. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 163: | Line 168: | ||
| [[Recognition (India)|India]] | | [[Recognition (India)|India]] | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | India recognises transgender people as a third gender. Additionally, [[hijra]]s are also recognised as a third gender.<ref name="Biharprabha">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court's Third Gender Status to Transgenders is a landmark |author= |work=Biharprabha News |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095549/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | India recognises transgender people as a third gender. Additionally, [[hijra]]s are also recognised as a third gender.<ref name="Biharprabha">{{Cite web |title=Supreme Court's Third Gender Status to Transgenders is a landmark |author= |work=Biharprabha News |date=15 April 2014 |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230404095549/http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/supreme-courts-third-gender-status-to-transgenders-is-a-landmark/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Recognition (Indonesia)|Indonesia]] | |||
| | |||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 181: | Line 190: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Japan)|Japan]] | | [[Recognition (Japan)|Japan]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" | M or F only, despite having a localized term. | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | Japan made legal transition possible in 2004. In order to get one, Japan requires that a transgender person must be unmarried, has never had children, has had genital | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Japan made legal transition possible in 2004. In order to get one, Japan requires that a transgender person must be unmarried, has never had children, has had genital surgeried. | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 211: | Line 220: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Mexico)|Mexico]] | | [[Recognition (Mexico)|Mexico]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In May 2023, Mexico allows an "X" gender marker on passports.{{citation needed}} | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 236: | Line 245: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Norway)|Norway]] | | [[Recognition (Norway)|Norway]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Although the country has not yet recognized a non-binary gender, the government announced its intention to legally recognize non-binary identities in 2021. Additionally, a nonbinary gender option for passports was advocated by some members of the Norwegian Labour Party in 2017.<ref name="pink_Norw">{{Cite web |title=Norway could introduce a third gender option on passports |author=McCormick, Joseph |work=PinkNews |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=5 September 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/02/08/norway-could-introduce-a-third-gender-option-on-passports/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220819215554/https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2017/02/08/norway-could-introduce-a-third-gender-option-on-passports/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref name="England">{{Cite web |title=Norway could introduce a third gender option on passports for people who identify neither male nor female |last=England |first=Charlotte |work=independent.co.uk |date=8 February 2017 |access-date=5 September 2020 |url= https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-third-gender-passport-option-hen-identify-male-female-han-hun-labour-party-youth-wing-a7568271.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630172506/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/norway-third-gender-passport-option-hen-identify-male-female-han-hun-labour-party-youth-wing-a7568271.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | People over 16 can change their legal gender without any kind of diagnosis or treatment. Minors between 6 and 16 years old need their parents' permission.<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/easier-to-change-legal-gender/id2480677/ Easier to change legal gender], Norwegian Government (2016) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421213456/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/easier-to-change-legal-gender/id2480677 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | People over 16 can change their legal gender without any kind of diagnosis or treatment. Minors between 6 and 16 years old need their parents' permission.<ref>[https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/easier-to-change-legal-gender/id2480677/ Easier to change legal gender], Norwegian Government (2016) [https://web.archive.org/web/20230421213456/https://www.regjeringen.no/en/aktuelt/easier-to-change-legal-gender/id2480677 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 266: | Line 275: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Russia)|Russia]] | | [[Recognition (Russia)|Russia]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" | No known legal recognition, even though some say there was a third gender in the past. In July 2021, Russia announced that people from other countries with a non-binary gender marker in their passports would not be allowed to enter the country. | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" |Only intersex minors can change their legal gender. Affirmative surgeries are required | | style="background-color:#f99;" |Only intersex minors can change their legal gender. Affirmative surgeries are required. | ||
|"Any medical intervention with a goal of creating in a person's body primary or secondary characteristics of the opposite sex is prohibited". People who have changed their legal gender aren't allowed to marry or adopt children | |"Any medical intervention with a goal of creating in a person's body primary or secondary characteristics of the opposite sex is prohibited". People who have changed their legal gender aren't allowed to marry or adopt children. On October 2023 the court has banned "the international public movement of LGBT" as extremist with up to 12 years of imprisonment for people who belong to or support it. <ref>https://www.hrw.org/news/2023/11/30/russia-supreme-court-bans-lgbt-movement-extremist</ref> | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Serbia)|Serbia]] | | [[Recognition (Serbia)|Serbia]] | ||
| Line 296: | Line 305: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Spain)|Spain]] | | [[Recognition (Spain)|Spain]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Even though Spain does not provide recognition for non-binary or intersex people on a national level, three provinces have introduced such recognition: Canarias, La Rioja, and Navarra.{{citation needed}} | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | All transgender people may change their legal gender without a surgery, including minors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |title=Excluir a menores trans es inconstitucional |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201092401/https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |website=Chrysalis |date=20 July 2019 |language=es |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=14 September 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | All transgender people may change their legal gender without a surgery, including minors.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |title=Excluir a menores trans es inconstitucional |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210201092401/https://chrysallis.org.es/excluir-a-menores-trans-es-inconstitucional/ |website=Chrysalis |date=20 July 2019 |language=es |archive-date=1 February 2021 |access-date=14 September 2019 |url-status=dead }}</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Sweden)|Sweden]] | | [[Recognition (Sweden)|Sweden]] | ||
| | | style="background-color:#f99;" | Sweden does not recognize a third or non-binary gender option, however introducing as such has once been proposed. | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | In 2012, Sweden stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively sterilized in order to transition,<ref>"Swedish Verdict outlawing forced Sterilisation (2012)." Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007100031/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and in 2014, stopped requiring a mental health diagnosis in order to get legal gender recognition.<ref>"Swedish Court outlaws diagnosis requirement." September 7, 2014. Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221010154218/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | In 2012, Sweden stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively sterilized in order to transition,<ref>"Swedish Verdict outlawing forced Sterilisation (2012)." Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221007100031/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> and in 2014, stopped requiring a mental health diagnosis in order to get legal gender recognition.<ref>"Swedish Court outlaws diagnosis requirement." September 7, 2014. Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20221010154218/https://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| [[Recognition (Switzerland)|Switzerland]] | | [[Recognition (Switzerland)|Switzerland]] | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | A proposal to add a third "X" gender marker is also under discussion.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://360.ch/suisse/45258-le-debat-sur-le-3e-sexe-est-lance/ |title=Le débat sur le 3e sexe est lancé |website= 360º |date=2018 |language=fr|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230208074945/https://360.ch/suisse/45258-le-debat-sur-le-3e-sexe-est-lance/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> In 2022, however the government was not prepared allow a third or non-binary gender option.<ref>https://apnews.com/article/switzerland-gender-a48e05b6e5d0c307b3ead2bdd686f9a5</ref> | |||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition as of 2022. | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
| [[Recognition (Thailand)|Thailand]] | |||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 324: | Line 337: | ||
| style="background-color:#ffb;" | Each state has different laws regarding legal transition. Most states require proof of surgery in order to legally transition, and the rest require a letter from a doctor saying you've had some kind of transition.<br>As for passports, "You do not need to provide a medical certification or physician's letter, even if the gender you select on Form DS-11 does not match the gender on your previous passport or other documents."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selecting your Gender Marker |author= |work=travel.state.gov |date= |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133536/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | | style="background-color:#ffb;" | Each state has different laws regarding legal transition. Most states require proof of surgery in order to legally transition, and the rest require a letter from a doctor saying you've had some kind of transition.<br>As for passports, "You do not need to provide a medical certification or physician's letter, even if the gender you select on Form DS-11 does not match the gender on your previous passport or other documents."<ref>{{Cite web |title=Selecting your Gender Marker |author= |work=travel.state.gov |date= |access-date=26 September 2021 |url= https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230307133536/https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/passports/need-passport/selecting-your-gender-marker.html|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> | ||
| style="background-color:#f99;" | In the USA, documents and ID rarely show a person's title. | | style="background-color:#f99;" | In the USA, documents and ID rarely show a person's title. | ||
|- | |||
|[[Recognition (Uruguay)|Uruguay]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |- | ||
|[[Recognition (Vietnam)|Vietnam]] | |[[Recognition (Vietnam)|Vietnam]] | ||
| Line 338: | Line 356: | ||
== External links == | == External links == | ||
* [[Wikipedia:LGBT rights by country or territory]] | * [[Wikipedia:LGBT rights by country or territory]] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142749/https://tgeu.org/toolkit_legal_gender_recognition_in_europe/ Transgender Europe: Toolkit: Legal gender recognition in Europe] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142820/https://tgeu.org/trans-rights-europe-card-game-2014/ Transgender Europe: Trans Rights Europe Card Game] | ||
* [ | * [https://web.archive.org/web/20230719142842/https://tgeu.org/trans-rights_europe_map_2016/ Transgender Europe: Trans Rights Europe Map & Index 2016] | ||
== References == | == References == | ||