List of nonbinary identities: Difference between revisions

* '''[[genderfluid]]''', '''gender fluid,''' or '''fluid gender'''. A gender identity that often changes, so that a person may feel one day like a boy, and another day like a girl, or some other gender.<ref name="Trans Bodies 614">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 614.</ref> It has been in use since at least the 1990s.{{Citation needed}} In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 947 of the respondents (31%) called themselves genderfluid, or otherwise called themselves "fluid."<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 2,446 of the respondents (21.76%) were genderfluid, or otherwise called themselves "fluid."<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[genderflux]]'''. A gender identity that often changes in intensity, so that a person may feel one day as though they have almost no gender, or none at all, and another day they feel very gendered. This usage of the word was coined in 2014 on Tumblr.<ref name="crushing">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160321220845/http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com:80/genderflux|url=http://crushingthebinary.tumblr.com/genderflux|title=Genderflux Information and Resources|archive-date=21 March 2016}}</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 36 of the  respondents (1.18%) called themselves genderflux, or otherwise used "flux" in the word for their gender identity.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 814 of the respondents (7.4%) were genderflux, boyflux, girlflux, agenderflux, or otherwise called themselves flux.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[genderfuck]]'''. A form of gender expression that seeks to subvert the traditional gender binary or gender roles by mixing traditionally [[masculine]] (such as a beard) and traditionally [[feminine]] (such as a dress) components.<ref name=":0">Dictionary definition of what Genderfuck means: https://www.dictionary.com/e/gender-sexuality/genderfuck/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20230701110928/http://www.dictionary.com/e/gender-sexuality/genderfuck/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Even though it's often used as a [[gender expression]], 0.4% of participants in the 2019 Gender Census identified with this word.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[genderless]].''' Having no gender identity. A synonym of [[agender]]. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 17 of the respondents (0.56%) called themselves genderless.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 1,546 of the respondents (13.75%) used the word genderless for themselves.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[gender neutral]]'''. This can mean having nothing to do with gender, or is inclusive of any gender. It can mean having no gender identity, being [[genderless]]. Or it can mean having a gender identity that is neutral: not female, not male, not a mix; compare [[neutrois]].<ref name="Trans Bodies 614" /> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 420 of the respondents (13.75%) called themselves neutral.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 1,390 of the respondents (12.36%) said they were neutral, transneutral, gender neutral, neutral gender, or other similar words.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[genderqueer]]''' Any gender identity or expression which is queer, in and of itself. That is, a gender which is transgressive and non-normative. This can be an umbrella term, or a specific identity.<ref name="Trans Bodies 614" /> The earliest known recorded use of genderqueer was in 1995, in the ''Transsexual Menace'' newsletter.<ref>"Answering gender questions concerning genderqueer." ''Genderqueer ID.'' http://genderqueerid.com/post/8813994851/answering-gender-questions-coining-genderqueer [https://web.archive.org/web/20230525021313/https://genderqueerid.com/post/8813994851/answering-gender-questions-coining-genderqueer Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 1,244 of the respondents (40.72%) called themselves genderqueer.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 3,274 of the respondents (29.12%) called themselves genderqueer.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[hijra]]'''. <section begin=HijraDefinition />In south Asian countries including India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh, the hijra are people who were [[Sexes#Assigned male at birth|assigned male at birth]], who have a feminine gender expression. Traditionally and today, some hijras seek castration. Hijras live together communally. They have important roles in religious practice. They can be Hindu or Muslim. Hijra traditions are ancient. The earliest mention of hijras is in the ''Kama Sutra,'' from 400 BCE to 300 CE.<ref>{{cite book|title=Refractions of Desire, Feminist Perspectives in the Novels of Toni Morrison, Michèle Roberts, and Anita Desai|author=Sengupta, J.|date=2006|publisher=Atlantic Publishers & Distributors|isbn=9788126906291|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V9Y_tQfm_WgC|page=21|accessdate=7 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601214550/https://books.google.com/books?id=V9Y_tQfm_WgC|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref> In one of the earliest Western records of them, Franciscan travelers wrote about seeing hijras in the 1650s.<ref>Donald Lach. ''Asia in the Making of Europe, Volume III: A Century of Advance. Book 2, South Asia.'' University of Chicago, 1998.</ref> From the 1850s onward, the British Raj criminalized and tried to exterminate hijras.<ref>Laurence W. Preston. "A Right to Exist: Eunuchs and the State in Nineteenth-Century India." ''Modern Asian Studies'' (journal), April 1987, vol. 21, issue 2, pp. 371–387 doi=10.1017/S0026749X00013858 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231903575 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230618160146/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/231903575 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Reddy, Gayatri.|title=With respect to sex : negotiating hijra identity in South India|date=2005|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-70754-9|location=Chicago|oclc=655225261}}</ref> Since the late 20th century, hijra activists and non-government organizations have lobbied for official recognition of the hijra as a legal sex other than male or female. This is important for them to be able to have passports, travel, hold jobs, and other rights. They have been successful at achieving legal recognition as another gender in Nepal, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref><ref>[http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html, "India's third gender gets own identity in voter rolls", Harmeet Shah Singh, CNN.com], Nov. 2009  [https://web.archive.org/web/20210301022352/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/11/12/india.gender.voting/index.html, Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Mitch Kellaway. "Trans Indian's Predicament at Border Shows the U.S. Lags Behind." May 9, 2015. Advocate. http://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind [https://web.archive.org/web/20230603065740/https://www.advocate.com/politics/transgender/2015/05/09/trans-indian-womans-predicament-border-shows-us-lags-behind Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>[http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ "Pakistan Recognizes Third Gender", Ria Misra, Politics Daily], Dec. 2009 [https://web.archive.org/web/20210225224129/http://www.politicsdaily.com/2009/12/25/pakistan-recognizes-third-gender/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>[http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender, "Hijras now a separate gender", Mohosinul Karim, Dhaka Tribune], Nov. 2013  [https://web.archive.org/web/20210226002453/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2013/nov/11/hijras-now-separate-gender, Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>http://www.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status [https://web.archive.org/web/20221213084025/https://www.attn.com/stories/868/transgender-passport-status Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> The Hijra in India alone may number as many as 2,000,000 today.<ref>Reddy, Gayatri, With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India, 310 pp., University of Chicago Press, 2005 ISBN 0-226-70755-5 (see p. 8)</ref><section end=HijraDefinition />  

* '''[[māhū]]'''. <section begin=MahuDefinition />In the Kanaka Maoli (Hawaiian) and Maohi (Tahitian) cultures, the māhū (meaning "in the middle") is a traditional gender role outside of the Western concept of gender. It is made of people who may have been [[Sexes#Assigned gender at birth|assigned either male or female at birth]]. This tradition existed before Western invaders.<ref name="tate">''[https://web.archive.org/web/20170811085433/http://www.tate.org.uk/context-comment/articles/men-women-pacific The men-women of the Pacific]'', tate.org.uk/Tate Britain,  6 March 2015.</ref> The first published description of māhū is from 1789.<ref>William Bligh.  Bounty Logbook.  Thursday, January 15, 1789.</ref> From 1820 onward, Westerners stigmatized and criminalized māhū.<ref>Aleardo Zanghellini. "Sodomy Laws and Gender Variance in Tahiti and Hawai'i." ''Laws'' Vol. 2, Issue 2 (2013), p. 51–68 doi: 10.3390/laws2020051</ref> Māhū still exist today,<ref name="tate" /> and play an important role in preserving and reviving Polynesian culture.<ref name=UHP95>Besnier, Niko, Alexeyeff, Kalissa. ''Gender on the edge : transgender, gay, and other Pacific islanders.'' Honolulu, 2014 isbn=9780824840198</ref><ref name=Robinson>Carol E. Robertson. 1989 "The Māhū of Hawai'i." ''Feminist Studies.'' volume 15, issue 2, pages=318. doi=10.2307/3177791 issn=0046-3663 jstor=3177791</ref> There was one māhū in the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey,<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> and one in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /><section end=MahuDefinition />

* '''[[maverique]]'''. Coined by Vesper H. (queerascat) in 2014. A specific nonbinary gender identity "characterized by autonomy and inner conviction regarding a sense of self that is entirely independent of male/masculinity, female/femininity or anything which derives from the two while still being neither without gender nor of a neutral gender."<ref>''[http://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/89448452041/maverique-definition-reworded-06-21-14-a maverique]'', Vesper H. (queerascat), June 2014, captured April 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20180902190130/http://queerascat.tumblr.com/post/89448452041/maverique-definition-reworded-06-21-14-a Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 12 of the respondents (0.39%) called themselves maverique.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 72 of the respondents (0.64%) said they were maverique or mavrique.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[neutrois]]'''. Coined by a neutrois person named H. A. Burnham in 1995.<ref>Axey, Qwill, Rave, and Luscious Daniel, eds. “FAQ.” Neutrois Outpost. Last updated 2000-11-23. Retrieved 2001-03-07. [https://web.archive.org/web/20010307115554/http://www.neutrois.com/faq.htm]</ref> Having one non-binary gender identity that is neutral. Not female, not male, and not a mix. Some neutrois people are transsexual, experience gender dysphoria, and want to get a physical transition.<ref>''[http://neutrois.me/neutrois Define]'', Neutrois Nonsense, date unknown, captured April 2016. [https://web.archive.org/web/20221206235937/https://neutrois.me/neutrois/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 616.</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 208 of the respondents (6.8%) were neutrois.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 398 of the respondents (3.54%) were neutrois.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[nonbinary]]''', shortened as '''NB''' or '''enby'''.<ref>vector (revolutionator). ''[http://revolutionator.tumblr.com/post/60853952929/i-wish-there-was-an-nb-equivalent-to-words-like Untitled post]'', September 2013. revolutionator's blog is password-protected, but the post has been reblogged many times, eg: [http://adventuresingender.tumblr.com/post/60940278905/revolutionator-i-wish-there-was-an-nb here], date unknown, captured April 2016.</ref> Nonbinary is an umbrella term for all who don't identify as just female or male. Though there are innumerable kinds of nonbinary identities, some people identify as "nonbinary" only. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 1,980 of the respondents (64.81%) called themselves nonbinary, and 477 of the respondents (16%) called themselves enbies.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 68.37% (7686) of the responses used the word nonbinary for their identity (or for part of their identity), and 3,609 of the respondents (32.1%) called themselves enbies.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />  

* '''[[non-gendered]]'''. Having no gender.<ref name="trans bodies 617">Laura Erickson-Schroth, ed. ''Trans Bodies, Trans Selves: A Resource for the Transgender Community.'' Oxford University Press, 2014. P. 617.</ref> An identity popularized by non-gendered activist [[Christie Elan-Cane]] since at least 2000.<ref>[http://www.gender.org.uk/conf/2000/elancane.htm The Fallacy of the Myth of Gender], Christie Elan-Cane, USA and London Gendys Conference, 2000 [https://elancane.livejournal.com/profile]</ref> Due to Elan-Cane's activism, this word has had significant visibility, though it is not one of the more commonly used identity labels in community surveys. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 2 of the respondents called themselves non-gendered.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 7 of the responses called themselves non-gendered, nongendered, or non gendered.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

==P==

* '''[[polygender]]'''. A polygender person has several gender identities. This can mean they have them at the same time, or that they often switch between them at different times.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://polygender.co.uk/polygenfaq.htm |title=Archive copy |access-date=2016-10-15 |archive-date=2016-10-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161015190830/http://polygender.co.uk/polygenfaq.htm |url-status=live }}</ref> People called themselves polygender as early as 1995.<ref>Gary Bowen. "A Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women." ''FTM International.'' May 15, 1995. Retrieved November 5, 1996. https://web.archive.org/web/19961105010926/http://www.ftm-intl.org/Wrtngs/ftm-words.gary.html</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 7 of the respondents (0.23%) were polygender.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 24 of the respondents (0.21%) were polygender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[queer]]'''. A long-reclaimed slur for the broader LGBT+ community, and an umbrella term for identities that are not heterosexual and/or not cisgender. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 9 of the respondents (0.29%) used the word "queer" as an identity label, and 1,253 (41%) used the word queer in total, including as part of terms such as genderqueer.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 4,886 of the responses (43.46%) used the word "queer" as an identity label, some of which used it as their only label for their identity, and 8,177 responses (72.74%) used the word queer in total, including those where it was part of another identity term, such as genderqueer, neuroqueer, or queerdo.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />  

== S ==

* '''[[swarmgender]]''', '''hivegender''', or '''dronegender'''. A category of genders where family, romantic, and sexual relationships involve [[wikipedia:Hive_mind|hiveminds]], [[wikt:mind_meld|mind-melding]], and/or [[wikipedia:Telepathy|telepathy]]. A family of swarmgender people is typically called a swarm or a hive. They may wish they had a shared consciousness, or they may have attempted to achieve one [[wikipedia:Egregore|through occult techniques]]. A hive may have a [https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/HiveQueen queen], or it may be democratic. swarmgenders are common in fiction, and can be seen in the [https://starcraft.fandom.com/wiki/Zerg Zerg], the [https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/Borg Borg], and the [https://aliens.fandom.com/wiki/Xenomorph Xenomorphs]. People in the real world who have swarm genders are often [https://pluralpedia.org/w/Fictive fictives] or [https://otherkin.fandom.com/wiki/Fictionkin fictionkin].  

* '''[[third gender]]'''. <section begin=ThirdGenderDefinition />Third gender is a concept in which individuals are categorized, either by themselves, by their society, or by outsiders to their society, as not fitting into the Western ideas of [[binary gender]] and heterosexual roles. The phrase "third gender" has been used for a wide variety of meanings: intersex people whose bodies do not fit outdated Western medical concepts of binary sex, hundreds of indigenous societal roles as described (and often misrepresented) by Western anthropologists (including indigenous identities such as south Asian [[hijra]]s, Hawaiian and Tahitian [[māhū]], and Native American identities now called [[Two-Spirit]]s),<ref>Julia Serano, ''Whipping Girl: A Transsexual Woman on Sexism and the Scapegoating of Femininity.'' Unpaged.</ref><ref name="trans bodies 617" /> transgender people who are [[nonbinary]], homosexual people (even those who are white and in Western societies),<ref name="Trumbach">Trumbach, Randolph. (1998) ''Sex and the Gender Revolution. Volume 1: Heterosexuality and the Third Gender in Enlightenment London''. Chicago: U of Chicago P, 1998. (Chicago Series on Sexuality, History & Society)</ref><ref name="The Social Studies C">{{cite book |last=Ross |first=E. Wayne |title=The Social Studies Curriculum: Purposes, Problems, and Possibilities |publisher=SUNY Press |year=2006|isbn= 978-0-7914-6909-5 |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=4qFMqjxte9IC }}</ref><ref>Kennedy, Hubert C. (1980) ''The "third sex" theory of Karl Heinrich Ulrichs'', Journal of Homosexuality. 1980–1981 Fall–Winter; 6(1–2): pp. 103–1</ref> and women who were considered to be gender-nonconforming because they fought for women's rights.<ref>{{cite journal | jstor=407320 | pages=582–599 | last1=Wright | first1=B. D. | title="New Man," Eternal Woman: Expressionist Responses to German Feminism | volume=60 | issue=4 | journal=The German Quarterly | year=1987 | doi=10.2307/407320  }}</ref> Some people self-identify as third gender, especially in communities of people of color in the United States.<ref name="trans bodies 617" /> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 84 of the respondents (2.75%) called themselves third gender.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 244 of the respondents (2.17%) called themselves third gender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /><section end=ThirdGenderDefinition />

* '''[[transfeminine]]'''. A transgender person who transitions in a feminine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as female. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 206 of the respondents (6.74%) called themselves transfeminine.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 702 of the respondents (6.24%) were transfeminine.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[transmasculine]]'''. A transgender person who transitions in a masculine direction, but who doesn't necessarily identify as male. They may have a nonbinary identity. In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 434 of the respondents (14.21%) called themselves transmasculine.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 2,226 of the respondents (19.8%) were transmasculine, trans masculine, trans masc, or transmasc.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

* '''[[Two-spirit]]'''. <section begin=TwoSpiritDefinition />"Berdache" was an old word used by European-American anthropologists. Berdache was an umbrella term for all traditional gender and sexual identities in all cultures throughout the Americas that were outside of Western ideas of binary gender and heterosexual roles.<ref name="Trans Bodies 611" /> These identities included the ''nádleeh'' in Diné (Navajo),<ref>Franc Johnson Newcomb (1980-06). Hosteen Klah: Navaho Medicine Man and Sand Painter. University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1008-2.</ref><ref>Lapahie, Harrison, Jr. Hosteen Klah (Sir Left Handed). Lapahie.com. 2001 (retrieved 19 Oct 2009)</ref><ref>Berlo, Janet C. and Ruth B.  

Phillips. Native North American Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-284218-3. pg. 34</ref> and the ''lhamana'' in Zuni,<ref name=Stevenson380>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p.&nbsp;380</ref> among many others. In 1990, an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering chose to internationally replace "berdache" with "Two-Spirit" as a preferable umbrella term for these identities.<ref name=NativeOut101>"[http://nativeout.com/twospirit-rc/two-spirit-101/ Two Spirit 101]" at ''NativeOut''. Accessed 23 Sep 2015 [https://web.archive.org/web/20230213092737/http://nativeout.com/twospirit-rc/two-spirit-101/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref><ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref> Two-Spirit was chosen to distance these identities from non-Natives,<ref name="de Vries 2009">{{cite book|last1=de Vries|first1=Kylan Mattias|editor1-last=O'Brien|editor1-first=Jodi|title=Encyclopedia of gender and society|date=2009|publisher=SAGE|location=Los Angeles |isbn=9781412909167 |page=64 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_nyHS4WyUKEC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&cad=0|accessdate=6 March 2015|chapter=Berdache (Two-Spirit)}}</ref> and should only be used for people who are Native American, because it is for identities that must be contextualized in Native cultures.<ref name=NYT1>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r=0|title=A Spirit of Belonging, Inside and Out|work=The New York Times|date=8 Oct 2006|accessdate=28 July 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230409124947/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r=0|archive-date=17 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=Vowel-1>{{cite book|last1=Vowel|first1=Chelsea|editor1-last=|editor1-first=|title= Indigenous Writes: A Guide to First Nations, Métis & Inuit Issues in Canada|date=2016|publisher=Highwater Press|location=Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada|isbn=978-1553796800|page=|accessdate=|chapter=All My Queer Relations - Language, Culture, and Two-Spirit Identity |ref=harv}}</ref> Because of the wide variety of identities under the Two-Spirit umbrella, a Two-Spirit person does not necessarily have an identity analogous to a non-Native nonbinary gender identity. Some do, but others are more analogous to non-Native gay male or lesbian woman identities. Notable people who identify specifically with the label "Two-Spirit" include Menominee poet [[Chrystos]] (b. 1946), who goes by they/them pronouns,<ref>{{cite web |title=Chrystos |url= http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/chrystos |website=PoetryFoundation.org |access-date=October 22, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318095035/https://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/chrystos |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Brehm|first=Victoria|date=1998|title=Urban Survivor Stories: The Poetry of Chrystos|journal=Studies in American Indian Literatures|volume=10|issue=1|pages=73–82|jstor=20739440|issn=0730-3238}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sorrel |first1=Lorraine |title=Review: Not Vanishing |journal=[[off our backs]] |date=March 31, 1989 |volume=19 |issue= 3}}</ref> and Ojibwe artist [[Raven Davis]] (b. 1975), who goes by neutral pronouns.<ref name="ednet">{{cite web|url=http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|title=Newsletter.May2015.pdf|accessdate=2015-11-25|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125220828/http://www.middleton.ednet.ns.ca/Newsletters/Newsletter.May2015.pdf|archive-date=2015-11-25|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=IT ALL STARTS WITH AWARENESS -LGBTQ DAY IN ESKASONI |url=http://kinu.ca/news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151125225027/http://kinu.ca/news |archive-date=25 November 2015}}</ref> In the 2016 Nonbinary/Genderqueer Survey, 8 of the respondents (0.26%) called themselves Two-Spirit.<ref name=NBGQ2016 /> In the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, 0.18% (20) of the responses called themselves Two-Spirit.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" /><section end=TwoSpiritDefinition />

* '''[[X-gender]] (Ｘジェンダー, ekkusujendā)'''. In Japan, this is a common transgender identity that isn't female or male, much as the words "genderqueer" and "nonbinary" has come to be in the English-speaking world, to such a degree that "X-gender" is typically used as the Japanese translation for these.<ref name="RoxieSelected">Marilyn Roxie. "Selected links on nonbinary gender in Japan." March 28, 2013. [http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan http://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan] [https://web.archive.org/web/20230606093151/https://genderqueerid.com/post/46526429887/selected-links-on-non-binary-gender-in-japan Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Therefore, a person does not need to be Japanese to be X-gender. The term "X-gender" began to be used during the latter 1990s, popularized by writings published by queer organizations in Kansai, in Osaka and Kyoto.<ref>"【ＸラウンジからNEWS！】参議院議員の尾辻かな子さんへのレインボー・アクションの陳情で、Ｘラウンジから要望書を提出しました。([NEWS from X Lounge! ] We submitted a request form from the X Lounge in response to a petition of Kanae Otsuji, a member of the House of Councilors, about the rainbow action.)" ''NPO Rainbow Action.'' May 30, 2013. http://rainbowaction.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-122.html Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20200221122651/http://rainbowaction.blog.fc2.com/blog-entry-122.html</ref><ref>S.P.F. Dale. "An Introduction to X-Jendā: Examining a New Gender Identity in Japan." ''Intersections: Gender and Sexuality in Asia and the Pacific'' Issue 31, December 2012. http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm [https://web.archive.org/web/20230507214727/http://intersections.anu.edu.au/issue31/dale.htm Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> Notable X-gender people include manga artist [[Wikipedia:Yuu Watase|Yuu Watase]] (渡瀬 悠宇), who created the comics ''Fushigi Yūgi'' and ''Ceres, Celestial Legend.''<ref>{{cite tweet|user=wataseyuu_|author=Yuu Watase|number=1130461270358908928|title=ブログでもここでも呟いたけど、再度。 漫画にも影響してると思うから。 私はXジェンダーと医師に診断されてて、中身は、男にも女にも寄れるし男でも女でもない。 見た目はちゃんと(20代後半から社会に合わせて)どうせやるならやるでメイクもオシャレもする、それだけ。 女性の身体は否定しないが→|trans-title=I blogged here and again, but again. I think it also affects manga. I have been diagnosed by X-gender and a doctor, and the contents are neither men nor women, nor men or women. It looks just fine (according to society from the late 20s), and if you do it, you can make and be fashionable. I do not deny the female body |date=2019-05-20}}</ref> In April and May of 2019, Japan LGBT Research Institute Inc. conducted an online survey. It collected a total of 348,000 valid responses from people aged 20 to 69, not all of whom were LGBT. 2.5% of the respondents called themselves X-gender.<ref>{{cite web|title=Most people in Japan know LGBT but understanding limited.|work=Kyodo News|date=December 11, 2019|url=https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/bf50b5f548d5-most-people-in-japan-know-lgbt-but-understanding-limited.html|access-date=July 5, 2020  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200606152406/https://english.kyodonews.net/news/2019/12/bf50b5f548d5-most-people-in-japan-know-lgbt-but-understanding-limited.html|archive-date=June 6, 2020}}</ref> This identity term was underrepresented in the 2019 Worldwide Gender Census, in which 4 of the respondents called themselves X-gender.<ref name="2019 Gender Census" />

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