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Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions
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==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>== | ==<translate><!--T:2--> Pronouns</translate>== | ||
===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>=== | ===<translate><!--T:3--> Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>=== | ||
<translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their) is also used. Singular de/dem/deras can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not recognized or documented for being able to do so, if de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well. Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins, which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate> | <translate><!--T:4--> Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their) is also used. Singular de/dem/deras can often be used as a gender-neutral pronoun without it sounding weird, even though it is not recognized or documented for being able to do so, if de/dem/deras is used in singular, the numeral conjugations of other words could be in singular as well. Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronouns such as hin/hin/hins, which is actually not a new pronoun but an obsolete pronoun (archaeopronoun) that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate> | ||
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*'''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively) | *'''Vännen.''' Neutral, standard. Means "the friend" but can be used as a gender-neutral alternativ to gumman respektive gubben, which are juvenile terms alike English's buddy/kid. (While gumman and gubben can be used in a juvenile way, they also mean "the old-woman" and "the old-man" respectively) | ||
*'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person. | *'''Änkeperson.''' Neutral, standard. Means widowed person. | ||
*'''Ärade/kära publik/gäster/vänner/folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”. | *'''Ärade/kära/goda publik/gäster/vänner/(gott) folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”. | ||
*'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggceller/livmoder (uterus)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsbara, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.''' | *'''Person/personer med vagina (slida)/vulva/äggstockar/äggceller/livmoder (uterus)/mens/bröst/testiklar/pung/prostata/penis/sädesceller (spermier), barnbärande/barnhavande, ammande, graviditetsbara, målbrottspåverkade, ansiktsbehårade etc.''' | ||
...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, people of childbearing potential, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair... | ...Means person/people with vagina-vulva/ovaries/egg cells-ova/womb-uterus/periods/breasts/testicles/scrotum/prostate/penis/sperm cells-sperm, childbearing/pregnant people, chestfeeding people, people of childbearing potential, voice change/voice break affected, people with facial hair... | ||
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*'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", right of public access) | *'''Allesrätt.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Neutral non-male-generalizing alternative for "allemansrätt" ("all-man's-right", right of public access) | ||
*'''Amningsmjölk.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk" (breast milk) and "modersmjölk" (mother's milk). | |||
*'''Arbetsstyrka/Arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). | *'''Arbetsstyrka/Arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). | ||
*'''Besättning/Personal/Rekrytering-Personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). | *'''Besättning/Personal/Rekrytering-Personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). | ||
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* '''Enpersonsjobb.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means one-person's-job and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansjobb" (one-man's-job). | * '''Enpersonsjobb.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means one-person's-job and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "enmansjobb" (one-man's-job). | ||
* '''Förtrollare/Trollkonstnär/Förhäxare/Häxkonstnär/Magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch). | * '''Förtrollare/Trollkonstnär/Förhäxare/Häxkonstnär/Magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch). | ||
*'''Föräldraskap/Släktskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood and | *'''Föräldraskap/Släktskap, barnbärande föräldraskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood, kinship and childbearing parenthood, they can be used as a gender-neutral alternatives to motherhood and fatherhood. | ||
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* '''Grottbo.''' Neutral word for caveman/cavewoman. | * '''Grottbo.''' Neutral word for caveman/cavewoman. | ||
* '''Gudom/Gud.''' Neutral, standard. Means deity/god and can be used as gender-neutral terms instead of separating gud (god) and gudinna (godess). | * '''Gudom/Gud.''' Neutral, standard. Means deity/god and can be used as gender-neutral terms instead of separating gud (god) and gudinna (godess). | ||
* '''Du/Hörru/Sörru/Ni/Hörrni/Sörruni/Folk/Vännen/Vän(ner)/Kamrat/Älskling (sarkastiskt)/Homie/Bestie/Pal/Kiddo/Yo/Sib/Comrade/Baby (sarkastiskt)/Human/Person/Fam/Peeps/Y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s), buddie(s)/bud. | * '''Du/Hörru/Sörru/Ni/Hörrni/Sörruni/Folk/Vännen/Vän(ner)/Kamrat/Älskling (sarkastiskt)/Homie/Bestie/Pal/Kiddo/Yo/Ey/Sib/Comrade/Baby (sarkastiskt)/Human/Person/Fam/Peeps/Y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s), buddie(s)/bud. | ||
* '''Huskost/Hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine). | * '''Huskost/Hushållskost.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means house/household-diet/cuisine (traditional home cooked food) and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "husmanskost" (house-man's-diet/cuisine). | ||
* '''Härskarvälde.''' Neutral, standard. Means reign/rulerreign/rulership and can be use as a non-male-centric alternative to "herravälde" ("male-"lordreign). | * '''Härskarvälde.''' Neutral, standard. Means reign/rulerreign/rulership and can be use as a non-male-centric alternative to "herravälde" ("male-"lordreign). | ||
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* | *Husfar, husmor → Husförälder | ||
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* Husfru, husherre → ''Husbiträde, restauranghusbiträde, hotellhusbiträde'' | |||
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*Huvudman → Fullmaktsgivare, huvudansvarig myndighet | *Huvudman → Fullmaktsgivare, huvudansvarig myndighet | ||
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*Sjöman → Flottist, sjösoldat | *Sjöman → Flottist, sjösoldat, sjöfarare | ||
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