Gender recognition: Difference between revisions

!  Nonbinary markers allowed on passports or other identity documents?

!  Legal gender change requirements

!  Other notes on transgender, nonbinary, and intersex rights and recognition

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| style="background-color:#9f9;" |  Can change birth certificate, including to a nonbinary option, "sex: not specified," if the person has had a "sex affirmation procedure".<ref>"NSW Registrar of Births, Deaths and Marriages v Norrie [2014] HCA 11 (2 April 2014)" . High Court of Australia. 2 April 2014. Retrieved 16 May 2015. http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/cases/cth/HCA/2014/11.html</ref>

| style="background-color:#FFB;" | However, people have to be unmarried at the time of the change.<ref>"BIRTHS, DEATHS AND MARRIAGES REGISTRATION ACT 1995 - SECT 32B Application to alter register to record change of sex" . Retrieved 26 July 2015. http://www5.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/bdamra1995383/s32b.html</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Austria)|Austria]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map">Europe Map & Index 2017." ''Transgender Europe''. http://tgeu.org/trans-rights-map-2017/</ref>

|  It is possible to change to an ambiguous name. However, there are high fees for a name change unless one can prove to have a reason that is approved by the state. A name that doesn't correspond to the legal gender can also be chosen, but only as a second or third name - the name that is listed first has to correspond to the legal gender or be ambiguous.<ref>"Vornamensänderung." TransX. http://www.transx.at/Pub/Recht_Vornamen.php</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Argentina)|Argentina]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Argentina allows transgender people to get access to legal and medical resources they need to transition, without requiring these things in order to be legally recognized as their gender. They can change their legal gender based on their written declaration, without even a diagnosis.<ref>"Argentina Adopts Groundbreaking Gender Identity Law." Transgender Europe. May 10, 2012. http://tgeu.org/argentina-adopts-ground-breaking-gender-identity-law/</ref> See Argentina's Gender Identity Law as of 2012 [http://tgeu.org/argentina-gender-identity-law/ here]. While this law is said to be the most progressive transgender law in the world,<ref>"FAQ about identity documents." Lambda Legal. http://www.lambdalegal.org/know-your-rights/transgender/identity-document-faq</ref> it doesn't directly mention intersex or nonbinary people.

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| [[Recognition (Armenia)|Armenia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Azerbaijan)|Azerbaijan]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Bangladesh)|Bangladesh]]

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| [[Recognition (Belarus)|Belarus]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Belgium)|Belgium]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Bolivia)|Bolivia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  "Transgender people in Bolivia will soon be able to legally change their name, sex and gender."<ref>Joe Williams, "Trans people win right to change name and gender in Bolivia." November 28, 2015. Pink News (news). http://www.pinknews.co.uk/2015/11/28/trans-people-win-right-to-change-name-and-gender-in-bolivia/</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Bosnia and Herzegovina)|Bosnia and Herzegovina]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Bulgaria)|Bulgaria]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Canada)|Canada]]

| style="background-color:#E80;" |  Transgender persons can change their legal gender and name after completion of medical intervention in most provinces and territories (not required in Ontario, British Columbia, and Manitoba).<ref>Northwest Territories Human Rights Act, S.N.W.T. 2002, c.18. Section 5.</ref><ref>"Ontario passes law to protect transgender people" CBC News June 13, 2012. Accessed June 13, 2012 http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/toronto/story/2012/06/13/ontario-gender-equality.html</ref><ref>http://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/topic.page?id=C53953157EE344A681EFD28325B526F4</ref><ref>http://vitalstats.gov.mb.ca/change_of_sex_designation.html</ref>

|  Explicit anti-discrimination protections for transgender people only in Alberta, Northwest Territories, Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Ontario, implicit elsewhere.

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| [[Recognition (Colombia)|Colombia]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Since 2015, transgender persons can change their legal gender and name manifesting their solemn will before a notar, no surgeries or judicial order required.<ref>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory#cite_note-143</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Croatia)|Croatia]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Cyprus)|Cyprus]]

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| [[Recognition (Czech Republic)|Czech Republic]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Denmark)|Denmark]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Since 2014, no longer requires sterilization, gender identity disorder diagnosis, or ending a marriage in order to change legal sex.<ref>"Denmark becomes Europe’s leading country on legal gender recognition | The European Parliament Intergroup on LGBTI Rights" . Lgbt-ep.eu. 2014-06-12. Retrieved 2015-04-10. http://www.lgbt-ep.eu/press-releases/denmark-becomes-europes-leading-country-on-legal-gender-recognition/</ref> Requires applicants to be over 18, and to wait six months after applying before legal sex change takes effect.<ref>World must follow Denmark's example after landmark transgender law http://www.amnesty.org/en/en/news/denmark-transgender-law-2014-06-12</ref>

|  Danish law includes protections against discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity/expression.<ref>[http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2013.pdfState-sponsored Homophobia A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults]</ref><ref>[http://www.non-discrimination.net/content/main-legislation-17 Main legislation]</ref> Danish law includes hate crimes legislation, which adds extra penalties for crimes committed against people because of their sexuality and for their gender identity or form of gender expression.<ref>State-sponsored Homophobia A world survey of laws criminalising same-sex sexual acts between consenting adults http://old.ilga.org/Statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2013.pdf</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Estonia)|Estonia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (France)|France]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> Doesn't require a note from a doctor or medical intervention, but does not use self-certification alone <ref>http://tgeu.org/france-adopts-1st-gender-recognition-law-trans-people-continue-being-judged/</ref>

|  In 2015, for the first time, France allowed an intersex adult to change their birth certificate to "gender neutral".<ref>Joseph Patrick McCormick. "France legally recognises person as ‘gender neutral’ for the first time." Pink News. October 15, 2015. [1]</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Georgia) (country)|Georgia (country)]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Germany)|Germany]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  In 2011, Germany stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively [[Sterilization|sterilized]] in order to transition.<ref>"German Federal Court Outlawing Forced Sterilisation (2011)." Transgender Europe. January 7, 2015. http://tgeu.org/german-federal-court-verdict-on-forced-sterilisation-2011/</ref>

|  Some nonbinary people have legally adopted neutral names, arguing the TSG ("law on transsexuals") does not apply to them.<ref>"Namensänderung ohne Transsexuellengesetz". nibiTrans*Ich (blog).[3]</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Greece)|Greece]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (India)|India]]

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| [[Recognition (Ireland)|Ireland]]

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| [[Recognition (Iceland)|Iceland]]

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| [[Recognition (Italy)|Italy]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Japan)|Japan]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Japan made legal transition possible in 2004. In order to get one, Japan requires that a transgender person must be unmarried, has never had children, has had genital surgery, and has been sterilized.<ref>http://www.impowr.org/content/current-legal-framework-transgender-issues-japan</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Kenya)|Kenya]]

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| [[Recognition (Latvia)|Latvia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Lithuania)|Lithuania]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Malaysia)|Malaysia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Malaysia has no legislation for changing a legal sex, and instead deals with this on a case-by-case basis.

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| [[Recognition (Malta)|Malta]]

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| [[Recognition (Montenegro)|Montenegro]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Nepal)|Nepal]]

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| [[Recognition (Netherlands)|Netherlands]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (New Zealand)|New Zealand]]

| style="background-color:#9ff;" |  Since 1995, in order to change the gender on your birth certificate, you need to show that you wish to live in your intended gender, and that you have undergone "medical treatment" for it.<ref>http://www.wclc.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/How-to-change-your-name-and-gender-under-New-Zealand-law.pdf</ref> You can change your driver's license simply by applying for it.<ref>http://www.wclc.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/How-to-change-your-name-and-gender-under-New-Zealand-law.pdf</ref>

| style="background-color:#9ff;" | New Zealand allows asylum seekers who face harm on the basis of "gender" and "identity".<ref>https://www.immigration.govt.nz/audiences/supporting-refugees-and-asylum-seekers/asylum-seekers</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Norway)|Norway]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Philippines)|Philippines]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  This country doesn't allow transgender people to change their legal sex, but made an exception for an intersex person.

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| [[Recognition (Poland)|Poland]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Portugal)|Portugal]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Romania)|Romania]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" /> Genital surgery is required in order to change legal sex.<ref> "Transsexualismul in Romania" . Accept Romania. Retrieved 2 December 2012. http://accept-romania.ro/lgbt-issues/trans/</ref>  Allowed to marry in accordance with new legal sex.

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| [[Recognition (Russia)|Russia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Serbia)|Serbia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Slovakia)|Slovakia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Slovenia)|Slovenia]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (South Africa)|South Africa]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Since 2003, legal gender can be changed after medical treatment. Hormone therapy is seen as enough, surgery isn't required.<ref>"Changing your name and gender in your identity document: the Alteration of Sex Description Act 49 of 2003" (PDF). Gender Dynamix. Retrieved 29 September 2013. http://www.genderdynamix.org.za/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Act-49-English.pdf</ref>

|  Anti-discrimination laws are interpreted to include gender identity.

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| [[Recognition (South Korea)|South Korea]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  In 2013 a court ruled that transsexuals can change their legal sex without undergoing genital surgery.<ref>Template:Cite news</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Spain)|Spain]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  Doesn't require transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Sweden)|Sweden]]

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  In 2012, Sweden stopped requiring transgender people to be coercively sterilized in order to transition,<ref>"Swedish Verdict outlawing forced Sterilisation (2012)." Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-of-appeal-in-stockholm-on-sterilisation-requirement-in-gender-recognition-legislation-19-dec-2012/</ref> and in 2014, stopped requiring a mental health diagnosis in order to get legal gender recognition.<ref>"Swedish Court outlaws diagnosis requirement." September 7, 2014. Transgender Europe. http://tgeu.org/administrative-court-in-stockholm-striking-out-diagnosis-in-gender-recognition-16-05-2014/</ref>

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| [[Recognition (Switzerland)|Switzerland]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (Turkey)|Turkey]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  Requires transgender people to be sterilized in order to have legal gender recognition.<ref name="tre_map" />

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| [[Recognition (UK)|United Kingdom]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  As of 2015, some politicians are working to introduce passports with an option for an X gender marker.<ref>"Gender neutral passports move a step closer to reality after Labour backing." http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/gender-neutral-passports-move-a-step-closer-to-reality-after-labour-backing-10123734.html</ref> In 2015, the Ministry of Justice refused to allow a nonbinary legal gender.<ref>https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/104639</ref>

| style="background-color:#ffb;" |  In order to legally transition, you're first required to have a diagnosis of [[gender dysphoria]], and to have lived as your gender for two years, but you're not required to have had surgery.<ref>https://www.gov.uk/apply-gender-recognition-certificate/changing-your-gender</ref>

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| [[Recognition (USA)|United States of America]]

| style="background-color:#f99;" |  All US official identity documents (passports, birth certificates, driver's licenses, and so on) that record gender (called "sex" in those documents) require people to be called either female or male, with no nonbinary options. This makes problems not only for people who have always lived in the country. The US State Department has no process for dealing with people who have nonbinary passports from other countries.<ref>Jenny Kutner. "U.S. State Department has no process for accepting transgender passports." May 7, 2015. Salon. http://www.salon.com/2015/05/07/u_s_state_department_has_no_process_for_accepting_transgender_passports/</ref> In 2016, Jamie Shupe of Oregon became the first person in the USA whose legal sex is "non-binary,"<ref>Casey Parks, "Oregon court allows person to change sex from 'female' to 'non-binary'." June 10, 2016. The Oregonian (news). http://www.oregonlive.com/portland/index.ssf/2016/06/oregon_court_allows_person_to.html</ref> and uses identity documents that typically don't display sex (military retiree and social security cards), but the DMV doesn't yet allow nonbinary driver's licenses.<ref>Bob Heye, "Oregon DMV says they can't issue driver's license for non-binary individual." Katu News. http://local21news.com/news/local/oregon-dmv-says-they-cant-issue-drivers-license-for-non-binary-individual</ref>

| style="background-color:#F81;" |  Each state has different laws regarding legal transition. Most states require proof of surgery in order to legally transition, and the rest require a letter from a doctor saying you've had some kind of transition.

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