Gender neutral language in German: Difference between revisions
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# Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache''. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache. | # Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ''Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache''. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache. |
Revision as of 07:02, 12 February 2024
See also: Glossary of German gender and sex terminology
See also: Pronouns#German neutral pronouns
Gender neutral language in German is more difficult than gender neutral language (also called gender inclusive language) in some languages, because German's grammatical gender is pervasive. See the main article on gender neutral language for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for nonbinary people.
Nouns, Adjectives etc.
See also: Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache at Nichtbinär-Wiki
Asterisk, Underscore, Punctuation
Pronounced as a pause or glottal stop. In between "feminine" and "masculine" ending, the most common version:
- mein_e beste*r Freund:in
Either after the stem - or more realistically at the next best place that has nothing to do with feminine/masculine forms but makes sense for pronunciation:
- mei:ne bes_ter Freun*din
At random places:
- mei*ne best:er Freundi_n
Can be used consistently or mixed up like in the example above.
X[1]
Pronounced like iks.[2]
- meinx bestx Freundx
(or e.g. Befreunx to avoid basing it on the masculine form) Or write it as -iks.
- meiniks bestiks Freundiks
Shortened Words and Nonsense Forms [3]
Fairly well known -i words:
- der_die Studi, dix Touri
New words by the same pattern:
- dier Mitbewohni, der*die Kollegi
Use the short -i forms or make up new endings and treat the word as neutrum.
- mein bestes Freundi
- mein liebes Mitbewohnsi
Use -mensch, -menschi, -person:
- das Postmenschi
- meine Liebhabperson
- der liebe Katzenbetreu-Mensch
Or just random words that you think are cute.
- Ich will Fotografierflausch werden.
Pronouns
See main article at German neutral pronouns.
Paradigm | 'dey/dej'[4][5][6] | 'sier' Version 2.1[7] | 'xier' Version 3.3[8] | 'hän'[9][10] | NoNa-System[11][12] | g-Genus[13] | De-e-System[14] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
prosodical features | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | ||
Nominative | dey/dej | sier [zi:ɐ̯] | dier [di:ɐ̯] | xier | dier | hän | hen | dai | hen | dio | en | de [de(:)] |
Accusative | dey/dej; dem(m) [dɛm] | sien | dien | xien | dien | sin | hen | dai | hen | dio | en | de [de(:)] |
Dative | denen; demm[15] | siem | diem | xiem | diem | sim | hem | dam | hem | dero | em | derm |
Genitive | derer | sieser | - | xieser | - | sirer | henser | - | - | - | enser | - |
'hen' paradigms |
dey
The German translation of Starfield vom Bethesda Games Studios uses dey/demm pronouns to refer to nonbinary protagonists. Some German speaking influencers use them as their pronouns (cf. @kai.isaiah_jamal) and so do other numerous Instagram users (i. e. search for the key words 'dey/dem' in the Instagram search engine).
sier
Ravna Marin Siever, author of the book Was wird es denn? Ein Kind! Wie geschlechtsoffene Erziehung gelingt, uses pronouns from the sier-paradigm for people to refer to them.[16] Books that use the 'sier' pronoun:
- Ein göttliches Paar from Amalia Zeichnerin;
- Code X – Das Erwachen der Cybertechs from Lucinda Flynn;
- Das Orakel in der Fremde – Die Chroniken von Beskadur 2 from James A. Sullivan;
- Bus 57 – Eine wahre Geschichte from Dashka Slater;
- Mädchen, Frau, etc. from Bernardine Evaristo;
- Gänseblümchen. Eine sehr queere Geschichte from Elias Finley;
- Die Götter müssen sterben from Nora Bendzko.
xier
In the second episode (1:02) of the series City of Ghosts, i. e. Stadt der Geister in German, Thomas states that their pronoun is 'xier'. The blogger Frau Papa Nina tells in an interview from the podcast Das gewünschteste Wunschkind — hosted by Danielle Graf and Katja Seide — that they use the pronoun 'xier' for themselves.[17]
hen
In the German version from Kivi & Monsterhund from Jesper Lundqvist and Bettina Johansson, the protagonist Kivi, who is referred to with the Swedish gender neutral pronoun 'hen', is referred to with the same pronoun in the German translation from Jochen Barthel.[18] 'hen' also seems to be used by some bloggers[19] and to be currently perceived as popular.[20][21]
en
An important number of the members of the Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch, that is currently growing, uses the en/em forms from the De-e-System as their pronouns.[22]
For a complete list of all existent neopronouns, see https://nibi.space/pronomen#pronomen or https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen.
Paradigm | SYLVAIN-Konventionen[23] | 'sir' [zi:ɐ̯][24][25] | 'hen'2[26] | 'el'[27][28] | 'ey'[29][30] | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
prosodical features | unstressed | stressed | unstressed | stressed | |||
Nominative | nin | din | sir | dier | hen | el | ey |
Accusative | nin | din | sihn | dien | han | en | emm |
Dative | nim | dim | ihrm | derm | ham | em | emm |
Genitive | nimser | - | sihrer | - | - | emser | eyser |
Paradigm | 'ens'[31][32] | 'en'[21][33] | 'iks'[34] |
---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ens | en | iks |
Accusative | ens | en | iks |
Dative | ens | en | iks |
Genitive | enser | enser | ikser |
Titles
Instead of Frau/Herr
- Frann[35] - nonstandard
- Ind.[35] von "Individuum", nonstandard
- Mau[35] - nonstandard
- Per - nonstandard
Professional & Academic Titles
- Doctorx[35] - nonstandard
- Professorx[35] - nonstandard
- Professx[36], abgekürzt Prof. oder Profx. - nonstandard
Family terms
See also: Nichtbinäre Wörter at Nichtbinär-Wiki
Parent
- Elter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be recognised
- Mapa - nonstandard
- Pama - nonstandard
Child
- Enbie, Enby - instead of Mädchen/Junge/Bub, nonstandard
- Großes - standard
- Kind - standard
- Kleines - standard
Aunt/Uncle
- Tankel - nonstandard
Niece/Nephew
- Nibling - nonstandard
Grandparent
- Großelter - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood
Sibling
- Bruderin, Bruder*in - nonstandard
- Brüderin, Brüder*in - nonstandard
- das Geschwister - nonstandard, will sound awkward but be understood
- Geschwisterchen - standard, but old fashioned and usually used for very young siblings
- der/mein Schwester - nonstandard
Partner
- Freund*in
- Herzmensch - literally heart person, used as a term of endearment
- Eheherzmensch - married to the heart person
- Eheperson
- Eheherzperson
- Liebschaft
- Partner*in
See also
Main resources
- Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): Geschlechtsneutrale Sprache. Online at: https://nibi.space/geschlechtsneutrale_sprache.
- Pronouns.page (2024): Liste bekannter Pronomen. Neopronomen. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/pronomen.
- Pronouns.page (2024): Wörterbuch für geschlechtsneutrale Sprache. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/substantive.
- Illi Anna Heger (2022): Pronomen wie sier und xier. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen/.
- Verein für geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): De-e-System. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/.
References
- ↑ http://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel2/ Archived on 17 July 2023
- ↑ http://feministisch-sprachhandeln.org/leitfaden/kapitel4/ Archived on 17 July 2023
- ↑ http://nomthecatsaid.tumblr.com/post/124574373381/kennst-du-eine-gute-seite-auf-der-man-sich-%C3%BCber Archived on 17 July 2023
- ↑ Anonym (2017): Q: Ein [...] gegeben. Online at: https://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/post/148742824641/ein-befreundeter-mensch-von-mir-hat-sich-mal (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): dey/denen/demm. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dey/denen/demm?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): dej/denen/dej. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/dej?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Heger, Illi Anna (2022): Version 2.1: sier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen21/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Heger, Illi Anna (2022): Version 3.3: xier Pronomen ohne Geschlecht. Online at: https://www.annaheger.de/pronomen33/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ zweisatz (2011): HIGH ON CLICHÉS. Glossar. Online at: https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): hän/sim. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/h%C3%A4n?erweitert (retrieved 02.09.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): hen/hem. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/hen?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Moro, Jona/Frank, Noah (2024): Das NoNa-System. geschlechtsneutrale deutsche Grammatik. Online at: https://geschlechtsneutralesdeutsch.com/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Dominik Jahre (2018): Das g-Genus. Merkmale des g-Genus. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/index.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): De-e-System. https://geschlechtsneutral.net/gesamtsystem/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): Pronomen. dey. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#dey (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Siever, Ravna Marin (2022): Was wird es denn? Ein Kind! Wie geschlechtsoffene Erziehung gelingt. Weinheim: Beltz, 97.
- ↑ Frau Papa Nina in conversation (2019): Transsexualität und Diversität. In: Graf, Danielle/Seide, Katja (hosts): Das gewünschteste Wunschkind. Der Podcast. Online at: https://plus.rtl.de/podcast/das-gewuenschteste-wunschkind-3r427sdoc4dw2/transsexualitaet-und-diversitaet-cbin4vimtsr1p (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Lundqvist, Jesper/Johansson, Bettina (2019): Kivi & Monsterhund. Berlin: Maria Benson Verlag.
- ↑ Annat75pyz (2023): Benutzt du das Pronomen "hen"?. Online at: https://www.gutefrage.net/sprache-literatur-raetsel/deutsche-sprache/grammatik-rechtschreibung/frage/nenutzt-du-das-pronomen-hen (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Erhardt, Melissa (2022): Dey, Xier, Hen: Was es mit genderneutralen (Neo-)Pronomen auf sich hat. In: radio FM4. Online at: https://fm4.orf.at/stories/3025024/ (retrieved 09.02,2024).
- ↑ 21.0 21.1 von Usslar, Maria (2019): Er, sie, they, hen: Wie wollen Trans- und Interpersonen bezeichnet werden? In: Der Standard. Online at: https://www.derstandard.de/story/2000106804139/er-sie-they-hen-wie-wollen-trans-und-interpersonen-bezeichnet (retrieved 10.02.2024).
- ↑ Verein für Geschlechtsneutrales Deutsch e. V. (2024): r/geschlechtsneutral. Online at: https://www.reddit.com/r/geschlechtsneutral/ (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ de Sylvain, Cabala/Balzer, Carsten (2008): Die SYLVAIN-Konventionen — Versuch einer "geschlechtergerechten" Grammatik-Transformation der deutschen Sprache. Online at: https://www.geschlechtsneutral.com/lit/Liminalis-2008-Sylvain-Balzer.pdf (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): sir. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#sir (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Berliner Morgenpost (2017): Das sagen Berliner Experten zum Streit ums dritte Geschlecht. Online at: https://www.morgenpost.de/berlin/article212586881/Das-sagen-Berliner-Experten-zum-Streit-ums-dritte-Geschlecht.html (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Catboy Jaebeom/Fliederfuchs (2023): ASTRI'FA | THE BEARER OF STARS. Online at: https://catboy-jaebeom.tumblr.com/about (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): el/em. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/el?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): el. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#el (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024). ey/emm. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ey?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).
- ↑ Nichtbinär-Wiki (2024): ey/em. Online at: https://nibi.space/pronomen#eyem (retrieved 10.02.2024).
- ↑ Lann Hornscheidt in conversation (2021): Debatte um Gendersprache: Sie oder er oder wie? „Ich wünsche mir, dass alle erst mal ens sind“. In: Berliner Zeitung. Retrieved 28.04.2021.
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): ens/ens. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/ens?erweitert (retrieved 10.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): en/en. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/en?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ Pronouns.page (2024): iks/iks. Online at: https://de.pronouns.page/iks?erweitert (retrieved 09.02.2024).
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 35.3 35.4 Nonbinary Trans Germany, "Language." http://nonbinarytransgermany.tumblr.com/language Archived on 17 July 2023
- ↑ http://www.spiegel.de/unispiegel/wunderbar/gendertheorie-studierx-lann-hornscheidt-ueber-gerechte-sprache-a-965843.html Archived on 17 July 2023