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Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions
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*'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | *'''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | ||
*'''Lillasyskon/ | *'''Lillasyskon/mellansyskon/storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/middle sibling(s)/big sibling(s). | ||
*'''Yngre syskon/Äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s). | *'''Yngre syskon/Äldre syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means younger sibling(s)/older sibling(s). | ||
*'''Föräldrasyskon/försyskon.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrasyskon will be understood, försyskon has little use. Means pibling(s)/parent’s sibling(s). Föräldrasyskon and försyskon can be used both as a collective word for one's parents' sibling(s) and to refer to a parent's sibling(s) gender-neutrally. Försyskon is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of moster (maternal sister, standard), faster (paternal sister, standard), morbror (maternal brother, standard) and farbror (paternal brother, standard).[https://folkmun.se/definition/f%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrasyskon][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rsyskon][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] | *'''Föräldrasyskon/försyskon.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrasyskon will be understood, försyskon has little use. Means pibling(s)/parent’s sibling(s). Föräldrasyskon and försyskon can be used both as a collective word for one's parents' sibling(s) and to refer to a parent's sibling(s) gender-neutrally. Försyskon is an alternative that fits well together in the pattern of moster (maternal sister, standard), faster (paternal sister, standard), morbror (maternal brother, standard) and farbror (paternal brother, standard).[https://folkmun.se/definition/f%C3%B6r%C3%A4ldrasyskon][https://folkmun.se/definition/F%C3%B6rsyskon][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/] | ||
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*'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means nephew/sibling’s son. | *'''Syskonson.''' Partially neutral, standard. Means nephew/sibling’s son. | ||
*'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin. | *'''Kusin.''' Neutral, standard. Means cousin. | ||
*'''Föräldrakusin/ | *'''Föräldrakusin/förkusin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, föräldrakusin will be understood, förkusin has little use. Means parent's cousin.[https://folkmun.se/][https://spraktidningen.se/nyord/?] | ||
*'''Syssling.''' Neutral, standard but “tremänning” is more common. Means second-cousin. | *'''Syssling.''' Neutral, standard but “tremänning” is more common. Means second-cousin. | ||
*'''Brylling.''' Neutral, standard but “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. | *'''Brylling.''' Neutral, standard but “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. | ||
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*'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend). | *'''Hjärtevän.''' Neutral, standard but not frequently used. Means heartfriend and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "flickvän" (girlfriend) and "pojkvän" (boyfriend). | ||
*'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed. | *'''Brudpartner.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means marrier/spouse-to-be/nearly-wed. | ||
*'''Förlovade/ | *'''Förlovade/fästpartner/fästperson.''' Neutral, standard/nonstandard. Means betrothed/fiance. | ||
* '''Gemål.''' Neutral, formal. Means wedded spouse. | * '''Gemål.''' Neutral, formal. Means wedded spouse. | ||
*'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | *'''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | ||
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*'''Samförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means co-parent. | *'''Samförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means co-parent. | ||
*'''Styvbarn/Bonusbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child(ren)/bonus-child(ren). | *'''Styvbarn/Bonusbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child(ren)/bonus-child(ren). | ||
*'''Styvförälder/ | *'''Styvförälder/bonusförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-parent/bonus-parent. | ||
*'''Styvsyskon/ | *'''Styvsyskon/bonussyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s)/bonus-sibling(s). | ||
*'''Surrogat/ | *'''Surrogat/surrogatförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means surrogate/surrogate parent and can be used as gender-inclusive terms in place of surrogate mother. | ||
*'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law. | *'''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child(ren)-in-law. | ||
*'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | *'''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | ||
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<translate> | <translate> | ||
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*'''Gifta/ | *'''Gifta/livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means spouses/maritial partners. | ||
*'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages. | *'''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids, groomsmen and possibly others (like the flower person), the bridalpair's entourages. | ||
*'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen. | *'''Respektive fästfölje.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means the respective entourages of a marrying couple, bridesmaids and groomsmen. | ||
*'''Fästföljare.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Used to refer to one person in the bridalpair's entourage. | *'''Fästföljare.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Used to refer to one person in the bridalpair's entourage. | ||
* '''Hedersperson/ | * '''Hedersperson/hedersvän.''' Can naturally be used as a gender-neutral stand-in for a maid of honor or a best man. | ||
</translate> | </translate> | ||
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*'''Juridiska kvinnor/män, registrerade kvinnor/män.''' More correct way to refer to the gender of people within statistics that is based off of binary legal/registered gender, both to emphasize that some can be non-binary or intersex, or that someone is trans but hasn't yet legally transitioned. | *'''Juridiska kvinnor/män, registrerade kvinnor/män.''' More correct way to refer to the gender of people within statistics that is based off of binary legal/registered gender, both to emphasize that some can be non-binary or intersex, or that someone is trans but hasn't yet legally transitioned. | ||
*'''Lekperson/Lekfolk.''' Neutral, standard. Means layperson/laypeople and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "lekman/lekmän" (layman/laymen). | *'''Lekperson/Lekfolk.''' Neutral, standard. Means layperson/laypeople and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "lekman/lekmän" (layman/laymen). | ||
*'''Ni!/ | *'''Ni!/hörrni!/folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. | ||
*'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | *'''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | ||
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*'''Amningsmjölk, amningsmjölksersättning.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk and breast-/chestfeeding formula, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk"/"modersmjölk" (breast milk/mother's milk) and "bröstmjölksersättning"/modersmjölksersättning" (breast-/mother's milk substitute/formula). | *'''Amningsmjölk, amningsmjölksersättning.''' Neutral. Means breast-/chestfeeding milk and breast-/chestfeeding formula, can be used as an alternative to "bröstmjölk"/"modersmjölk" (breast milk/mother's milk) and "bröstmjölksersättning"/modersmjölksersättning" (breast-/mother's milk substitute/formula). | ||
*'''Anskepp, anfarkost.''' Neutral non-standard, little use, alternatives to mothership. | *'''Anskepp, anfarkost.''' Neutral non-standard, little use, alternatives to mothership. | ||
*'''Arbetsstyrka/ | *'''Arbetsstyrka/arbetskraft, teamstyrka/lagstyrka, personalstyrka.''' Means workforce, team/staff/crew strength/force/power and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "manstyrka" (man power). | ||
*'''Besättning/ | *'''Besättning/personal/rekrytering, personalbesättning.''' Neutral, standard-nonstandard. Means staff/crew/recuitment and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for bemanning ("manning"). | ||
*'''B’nei | *'''B’nei mitzva/b’nai mitzva (plural)/b mitzva.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Gender-neutral alternative to bat mitzvah and bar mitzvah. | ||
*'''Du, hörru, sörru, ni, hörrni, sörruni, folk, vännen, vän(ner), kamrat, älskling (sarcastic), homie, bestie, kiddo, yo, ey, sib, comrade, baby (sarcastic), human, person, fam, chat, peeps, y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), pal(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s), buddy/buddies/bud. | *'''Du, hörru, sörru, ni, hörrni, sörruni, folk, vännen, vän(ner), kamrat, älskling (sarcastic), homie, bestie, kiddo, yo, ey, sib, comrade, baby (sarcastic), human, person, fam, chat, peeps, y'all.''' Gender-neutral alternatives for informal/playful words and phrases like bror (bro), mannen (the man), girl(s), gal(s), sis, miss, man, dude(s), lad(s), pal(s), mate(s), bro(s), guy(s)/my guy(s), buddy/buddies/bud. | ||
*'''Elvaspelsplan.''' Neutral, standard. Means eleven-payers-field and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "elvamannaplan" (eleven-man's-field). | *'''Elvaspelsplan.''' Neutral, standard. Means eleven-payers-field and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "elvamannaplan" (eleven-man's-field). | ||
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* '''Enpersonsshow, tvåpersonsshow.''' Neutral alternative to "enmansshow" and "tvåmansshow". | * '''Enpersonsshow, tvåpersonsshow.''' Neutral alternative to "enmansshow" and "tvåmansshow". | ||
* '''Fåägarföretag.''' Neutral alternative to "fåmansföretag". | * '''Fåägarföretag.''' Neutral alternative to "fåmansföretag". | ||
* '''Förtrollare/ | * '''Förtrollare/trollkonstnär/förhäxare/häxkonstnär/magiker.''' Neutral. Means enchanter/enchantment artist/bewitcher/witchcrafter/witchcraft artist/magician and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "trollkarl" (magic/enchanter-man, warlock/wizard). They can also be used to avoid the feminine connotations to "häxa" (witch), even though it can be seen as a gender-neutral word in itself. | ||
*'''Föräldraskap/ | *'''Föräldraskap/släktskap, barnbärande föräldraskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means parenthood, kinship and childbearing parenthood, they can be used as a gender-neutral alternatives to motherhood and fatherhood. | ||
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* '''J. Doe, Jay Doe.''' Gender-neutral alternative to Jane Doe and John Doe. | * '''J. Doe, Jay Doe.''' Gender-neutral alternative to Jane Doe and John Doe. | ||
* '''Karaktär.''' Neutral, standard. Means character/game-character and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "spelgubbe/gubbe" (game-man/man). | * '''Karaktär.''' Neutral, standard. Means character/game-character and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "spelgubbe/gubbe" (game-man/man). | ||
* '''Latinamerikan/ | * '''Latinamerikan/latine/latinx.''' Neutralt alternative to latina and latino. Latinamerikan means latinamerican. Latine is more in line with the grammar in Spanish and Portugese, but latinx is used much more frequently. | ||
* '''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man). | * '''LEGO-figur/LEGO-minifigur.''' Neutral, standard. Means LEGO-figure/LEGO-minifigure and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "LEGO-gubbe" (LEGO-man). | ||
* '''Oligarki, fåvälde.''' Neutral alternatives to "fåmannavälde". | * '''Oligarki, fåvälde.''' Neutral alternatives to "fåmannavälde". | ||
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*'''Parriarkat.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This refers to matriarchal and/or patriarchal social systems. See the English parriarch with the prefix parr- (kin). | *'''Parriarkat.''' Neutral, nonstandard. This refers to matriarchal and/or patriarchal social systems. See the English parriarch with the prefix parr- (kin). | ||
*'''Placenta.''' Neutral alternative to "moderkaka" which translates to "mother-cookie". | *'''Placenta.''' Neutral alternative to "moderkaka" which translates to "mother-cookie". | ||
*'''Polttare.''' Neutral, semi-standard loanword from Finnish. Means bach party and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to möhippa (bachelorette party) and svensexa (bachelor party). | *'''Polttare, föräktenskapsfest.''' Neutral, semi-standard loanword from Finnish, descriptive phrase. Means "bach party" and "pre-marriage party" and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to möhippa (bachelorette party) and svensexa (bachelor party). | ||
*'''Prin, kronprin.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. | *'''Prin/prinx, pringemål/prinxgemål, kronprin/kronprinx.''' Neutral, nonstandard, little use. Prin/prinx are by only using the beginning of each word, or by adding a neutral -x, gender-neutral alternatives to "prinsessa" (princess) and "prins" (prince) . They can be used to refer to a royal person's child or consort/spouse gender-neutrally. The married spouse of a prin/prinx is called pringemål/prinxgemål. Kronprin/kronprinx is used to refer to a royal crown-heir gender-neutrally. | ||
*'''Regent/ | *'''Regent/monark/majestät.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant, monarch, majesty, queen/king. | ||
*'''Regentgemål.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant consort. | *'''Regentgemål.''' Neutral, standard. Means regnant consort. | ||
*'''Rike/ | *'''Rike/kronland/monarki.''' Neutral. Means realm/crownland/monarchy, can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to "kungarike" (kingdom) or "drottningrike" (queendom). | ||
*'''Rojal.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means royal and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "kunglig" (meaning royal but is formed like "kingly"). | *'''Rojal.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means royal and can be used as a non-male-generalizing alternative for "kunglig" (meaning royal but is formed like "kingly"). | ||
*'''Snöfigur/ | *'''(ingift) rojal gemål, monarkgemål/monarkigemål.''' Neutral. Means ("married/in-law") royal consort/spouse and monarch-consort/monarchy-consort/spouse and can be used instead of princess/prince. | ||
*'''Rojalt barn, monarkbarn/monarkibarn.''' Neutral. Means royal child and monarch-child(ren)/monarchy-child(ren) and can be used instead of princess/prince. | |||
*'''Snöfigur/snövän/snöperson.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means snowfigure/snowfriend/snowperson and can be used as non-male-generalizing alternatives for "snögubbe" (snowman). | |||
*'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill). | *'''Starkast på täppan, högst på täppan.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means Strongest/Highest on the Hill and can be used as gender-inclusive alternatives to refer to the game commonly called "Herren på Täppan/Herreman på Täppan" (Lord/Lordman on the Hill). | ||
*'''Strukhuvudsknöl/ | *'''Strukhuvudsknöl/larynxknöl'''. Neutral alternative to "Adam's apple". | ||
*'''Surrogatskap/ | *'''Surrogatskap/surrogatföräldraskap.''' Neutral, will be understood. Means surrogacy/surrogate parenthood, works as gender-neutral alternatives to the standard "surrogatmödraskap" (surrogate motherhood). | ||
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* '''Syskonskap/ | * '''Syskonskap/kamratskap/gemenskap/samfund.''' Neutral, standard. Means siblinghood/camaraderie/community and can be used as a gender-neutral alternative to brotherhood and sisterhood. | ||
* ''' | * '''Kronarvtagare/tronföljare/arvinge.''' Neutral, standard. Means crown-successor/heir and can be used instead of "kronprinsessa" (crown princess) and "kronprins" (crown prince). | ||
* '''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | * '''Uterus, kved.''' Neutral alternatives to "livmoder" (womb/uterus) which translates to "life-mother". | ||
* '''Vuxendom/ | * '''Vuxendom/vuxenskap/vuxenliv, ålderdom/ålderskap.''' Neutral, standard. Means adulthood/adult-life and elderhood, they can be used as gender-neutral alternatives to womandhood and manhood. | ||
* '''Ättlingspråk, anspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to daughter language and mother language regarding language history. | * '''Ättlingspråk, anspråk.''' Neutral alternatives to daughter language and mother language regarding language history. | ||
* '''160x200 säng.''' Neutral alternative to "Queen-size bed" using the standard Swedish sizes for this type of bed. | * '''160x200 säng.''' Neutral alternative to "Queen-size bed" using the standard Swedish sizes for this type of bed. | ||