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For other uses, see Ukraine (disambiguation).
Ukraine (Ukrainian: Україна, romanized: Ukraïna, pronounced [ʊkrɐˈjinɐ] (listen)) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast.[a][11] Ukraine covers approximately 600,000 square kilometres (230,000 sq mi),[b] and had a pre-war population of around 41 million people.[c][6] It is also bordered by Belarus to the north; by Poland, Slovakia, and Hungary to the west; and by Romania and Moldova[d] to the southwest; with a coastline along the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast.[e] Kyiv is the nation's capital and largest city. The country's national language is Ukrainian, and most people are also fluent in Russian.[14]


Ukraine
{{Personal story
Україна (Ukrainian)
| quote = I discovered that I was transgender after joking around in the art room in 8th grade, (when I was 12) and one of my friends, who was also LGBTQ+, said that the charcoal on my face looked like makeup that a transgender guy would wear. I was stunned into silence.
Flag of Ukraine
| name = Dalton
Flag
| age = 15
Coat of arms of Ukraine
| identity = nonbinary [[transmasculine]]
Coat of arms
}}
Anthem: Державний Гімн України
'''Transgender''' or '''trans''' is an [[umbrella term]] covering all [[Gender identity|gender identities]] or [[Gender expression|expressions]] that transgress or transcend society's rules and concepts of gender. To be trans usually means to identify as a gender other than the [[Assigned gender at birth|gender one was assigned at birth]], such as being female while being assigned male at birth. The category of transgender includes people who have the [[binary genders|binary gender]] identities of female ([[transgender women]]) or male ([[transgender men]]), and is often framed solely in binary terms. However, this is not true. The transgender umbrella does include people with [[nonbinary]] gender identities, but not all nonbinary people consider themselves as transgender.
Derzhavnyi Himn Ukrainy
"State Anthem of Ukraine"
1:20
Ukraine - disputed (orthographic projection).svg
Show globe
Show map of Europe
Show all
Location of Ukraine (green)
Occupied/annexed territories prior to the 2022 Russian invasion (light green)
Capital
and largest city
Kyiv
49°N 32°E
Official language
and national language
Ukrainian[1]
Ethnic groups (2001)[2]
77.8% Ukrainians
17.3% Russians
4.9% Others
Religion (2018)[3]
87.3% Christianity
11.0% No religion
0.8% Others
0.9% Unanswered
Demonym(s)
Ukrainian
Government
Unitary semi-presidential republic
• President
Volodymyr Zelenskyy
• Prime Minister
Denys Shmyhal
• Chairman of the
Verkhovna Rada
Ruslan Stefanchuk
Legislature
Verkhovna Rada
Formation
• Kievan Rus'
879
• Kingdom of Ruthenia
1199
• Grand Duchy of Lithuania and Ruthenia
1362
• Cossack Hetmanate
18 August 1649
• Ukrainian People's Republic
10 June 1917
• Declaration of independence of the Ukrainian People's Republic
22 January 1918
• West Ukrainian People's Republic
1 November 1918
• Act of Unity
22 January 1919
• Declaration of independence from Soviet Union
24 August 1991
• Independence referendum
1 December 1991
• Current constitution
28 June 1996
Area
• Total
603,628[4] km2 (233,062 sq mi) (45th)
• Water (%)
3.8[5]
Population
• January 2022 estimate
Neutral decrease 41,167,336[6]
(excluding Crimea) (36th)
• 2001 census
48,457,102[2]
• Density
73.8/km2 (191.1/sq mi) (115th)
GDP (PPP)
2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $588 billion[7]
• Per capita
Increase $14,330[7]
GDP (nominal)
2021 estimate
• Total
Increase $198 billion[7]
• Per capita
Increase $4,830[7]
Gini (2020)
Positive decrease 25.6[8]
low
HDI (2019)
Increase 0.779[9]
high · 74th
Currency
Hryvnia (₴) (UAH)
Time zone
UTC+2[10] (EET)
• Summer (DST)
UTC+3 (EEST)
Driving side
right
Calling code
+380
ISO 3166 code
UA
Internet TLD
.ua
.укр
Website
ukraine.ua
During the Middle Ages, the area was a key centre of East Slavic culture under the state of Kievan Rus', which emerged in the 9th century and was ultimately destroyed by the Mongol invasions of the 13th century. After the Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia emerged the area was contested, divided, and ruled by a variety of external powers for the next 600 years; including the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Tsardom of Russia. The Cossack Hetmanate emerged in central Ukraine in the 17th century, but was partitioned between Russia and Poland, and ultimately absorbed by the Russian Empire. After the Russian Revolution a Ukrainian national movement re-emerged, and formed the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917. This short-lived state was forcibly reconstituted by the Bolsheviks into the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, which became a founding member of the Soviet Union in 1922. In the 1930s millions of Ukrainians were killed by the Holodomor, a famine caused by Soviet leader Stalin.


Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Ukraine regained independence and declared itself neutral,[15] forming a limited military partnership with the post-Soviet Commonwealth of Independent States, while also joining the Partnership for Peace with NATO in 1994. In 2013 a series of mass demonstrations, known as the Euromaidan, erupted across Ukraine, eventually escalating into the Revolution of Dignity in 2014, which led to the establishment of a new government and pro-Russian unrest. During this period, unmarked Russian troops invaded the Crimean Peninsula, which was later annexed by Russia; and pro-Russia unrest in Ukraine's Donbas culminated in Russia-backed separatists seizing territory throughout the region, sparking the War in Donbas. This series of events marked the beginning of the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War, and in a major escalation of the conflict in February 2022, Russia launched a full-scale invasion of Ukraine. Since the outbreak of war with Russia in 2014, Ukraine has continued to seek closer economic, political, and military ties with the Western world, including with the United States, European Union, and NATO.[16]
Some people consider themselves [[transsexual]] instead of (or in addition to) transgender. Transsexual is an older word that is nowadays considered offensive by some in the trans community.<ref name="Nissim">{{Cite web |title=What should you call trans people? |last=Nissim |first=Mayer |work=PinkNews |date=19 March 2018 |access-date=17 November 2020 |url= https://www.pinknews.co.uk/2018/03/19/transsexual-transgender-transvestite-what-should-you-call-trans-people/}}</ref><ref name="Abrams">{{Cite web |title=What's the Difference Between Being Transgender and Transsexual? |author=Abrams, Mere |work=Healthline |date=21 November 2019 |access-date=17 November 2020 |url= https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/difference-between-transgender-and-transsexual}}</ref> When "transsexual" is used, it means a trans person who has undergone or wants to undergo a medical [[transition]] through [[surgery]] and/or [[hormone therapy]].


Ukraine is a unitary republic under a semi-presidential system and a developing country, ranking 74th on the Human Development Index. Despite having a free-market economy, Ukraine remains among the poorest countries in Europe by nominal GDP per capita,[17] especially in the east[18] due to Russian aggression.[19] However, due to its extensive fertile land, pre-war Ukraine was one of the largest grain exporters in the world.[20][21] It is a founding member of the United Nations, as well as a member of the Council of Europe, the World Trade Organization, the OSCE, and is currently in the process of joining the European Union.
In general, "trans"/"transgender"/"transsexual" should not be counted as a [[gender]]/[[gender identity]]. For example, a trans woman's gender is properly "woman", not "trans". However, some people do consider "trans" to be their gender, such as the writer [[Juno Roche]] and the sexologist [[Esben Esther Pirelli Benestad]].
 
Etymology and orthography
History
Geography
Politics
Economy
Demographics
Culture
See also
Notes
References
Print sources
External links
Last edited 17 hours ago by Jeppiz
RELATED ARTICLES
History of Ukraine
Aspects of national history of Ukraine
 
Russians in Ukraine
Ethnic minority group
 
Russia–Ukraine relations
Bilateral relations
 
Wikipedia
Content is available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless otherwise noted.
Privacy policy Terms of UseDesktopThe Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of both fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) and battlecruisers built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.[1]
 
Aircraft carrier Novorossiysk, USSR, 1986
Novorossiysk in 1986
Class overview
Name
Kiev class
Builders
Chernomorsky Shipyard 444
Operators
Soviet Navy
Russian Navy
Indian Navy
Preceded by
Moskva class
Succeeded by
Kuznetsov class (Russian Navy)
Vikrant class (Indian Navy)
Subclasses
Baku class
Built
1970–1987
In service
1975–1996
2013–present
Completed
4
Active
1
Preserved
2
General characteristics
Type
Aircraft cruiser/Aircraft carrier
Displacement
42,000–45,000 tons full load
Length
273 m (896 ft)
Beam
53 m (174 ft) o/a
31 m (102 ft) w/l
Draught
10 m (33 ft)
Propulsion
8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW)), four shafts
Speed
32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Complement
1,200 to 1,600
Armament
See article for variations
80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles
2 dual-purpose guns
8 close-in weapons systems
10 torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried
Up to 30, including:
12 × Yak-38 aircraft
16 × helicopters
Aviation facilitiesThe Kiev class, Soviet designation Project 1143 Krechyet (gyrfalcon), was the first class of both fixed-wing aircraft carriers (heavy aircraft cruiser in Soviet classification) and battlecruisers built in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy.[1]
 
Aircraft carrier Novorossiysk, USSR, 1986
Novorossiysk in 1986
Class overview
Name
Kiev class
Builders
Chernomorsky Shipyard 444
Operators
Soviet Navy
Russian Navy
Indian Navy
Preceded by
Moskva class
Succeeded by
Kuznetsov class (Russian Navy)
Vikrant class (Indian Navy)
Subclasses
Baku class
Built
1970–1987
In service
1975–1996
2013–present
Completed
4
Active
1
Preserved
2
General characteristics
Type
Aircraft cruiser/Aircraft carrier
Displacement
42,000–45,000 tons full load
Length
273 m (896 ft)
Beam
53 m (174 ft) o/a
31 m (102 ft) w/l
Draught
10 m (33 ft)
Propulsion
8 turbopressurized boilers, 4 steam turbines (200,000 shp (150,000 kW)), four shafts
Speed
32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph)
Complement
1,200 to 1,600
Armament
See article for variations
80 to 200 surface-to-air missiles
2 dual-purpose guns
8 close-in weapons systems
10 torpedo tubes
Aircraft carried
Up to 30, including:
12 × Yak-38 aircraft
16 × helicopters
Aviation facilities


==Symbols==
==Symbols==

Revision as of 14:26, 10 January 2023

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« I discovered that I was transgender after joking around in the art room in 8th grade, (when I was 12) and one of my friends, who was also LGBTQ+, said that the charcoal on my face looked like makeup that a transgender guy would wear. I was stunned into silence. »
— Dalton, 15 (nonbinary transmasculine)[1]

Transgender or trans is an umbrella term covering all gender identities or expressions that transgress or transcend society's rules and concepts of gender. To be trans usually means to identify as a gender other than the gender one was assigned at birth, such as being female while being assigned male at birth. The category of transgender includes people who have the binary gender identities of female (transgender women) or male (transgender men), and is often framed solely in binary terms. However, this is not true. The transgender umbrella does include people with nonbinary gender identities, but not all nonbinary people consider themselves as transgender.

Some people consider themselves transsexual instead of (or in addition to) transgender. Transsexual is an older word that is nowadays considered offensive by some in the trans community.[2][3] When "transsexual" is used, it means a trans person who has undergone or wants to undergo a medical transition through surgery and/or hormone therapy.

In general, "trans"/"transgender"/"transsexual" should not be counted as a gender/gender identity. For example, a trans woman's gender is properly "woman", not "trans". However, some people do consider "trans" to be their gender, such as the writer Juno Roche and the sexologist Esben Esther Pirelli Benestad.

Symbols

  • The transgender symbol, made of a combination of male (Mars), female (Venus), and a mix of both. Colors are optional.

    The transgender symbol, made of a combination of male (Mars), female (Venus), and a mix of both. Colors are optional.

  • Trans Pride Flag.png

    The transgender pride flag, designed by trans woman Monica Helms in 1999, with stripes representing male (blue), female (pink), and other or transitioning (white).

  • In 2002 Jennifer Pellinen created a transgender flag [4] Pink & blue stripes: female and male. The middle three purple stripes represent the diversity of the transgender community and genders other than female and male.[5]

    In 2002 Jennifer Pellinen created a transgender flag [4] Pink & blue stripes: female and male. The middle three purple stripes represent the diversity of the transgender community and genders other than female and male.[5]

  • A transgender flag created by Michelle Lindsay, and used for some events in the the Ottawa-Gatineau region of Canada since 2010.[6]

    A transgender flag created by Michelle Lindsay, and used for some events in the the Ottawa-Gatineau region of Canada since 2010.[6]

References

  1. ↑ This quote is a snippet from an answer to the survey conducted in the year 2018. Note for editors: the text of the quote, as well as the name, age and gender identity of its author shouldn't be changed.
  2. ↑ Nissim, Mayer (19 March 2018). "What should you call trans people?". PinkNews. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  3. ↑ Abrams, Mere (21 November 2019). "What's the Difference Between Being Transgender and Transsexual?". Healthline. Retrieved 17 November 2020.
  4. ↑ Young, Randy (24 May 2020). "Transgendered flags". Flags of the World.
  5. ↑ "Transgender Flag info". Archived from the original on 2 September 2018.
  6. ↑ "The History of the Transgender Flag". Point 5cc. Retrieved 22 March 2021.

External Links

Further reading

  • Girshick, Lori B. Transgender Voices: Beyond Women and Men. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2008. Print.
  • Stryker, Susan. Transgender History. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2008. Print.
  • Stryker, Susan, and Stephen Whittle. The Transgender Studies Reader. New York: Routledge, 2006. Print.

See also

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