Bigender

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    Other languages:
    Bigender/ro
    Bigender.png
    Meaning
    Roz: Femeie; Albastru: Bărbat; Mov: Androgin/mix între femeie și bărbat; Alb: Agender.
    Related identities Androgyne, Bigenderfluid, Ambigender, Ambonec, and Bigenderflux
    Under the umbrella term Multigender
    Frequency 3.7%
    Click here to see alternative flags!

    Bigender, bi-gender, sau uneori dual-gender/dual-gendered, este o identitate de gen încadrată sub conceptele umbrelă multigender, nonbinary, și transgender. Persoanele bigender au două identități de gen diferite, fie în mod simultan, fie în momente diferite. A doua fiind o formă de identitate genderfluid, și poate conține ori două genuri distincte, ori „nuanțe de gri între cele două.”[1] Genurile unei persoane bigender pot fi cele două genuri binare: bărbat și femeie, așa cum mulți presupun. Însă, unele persoane bigender identifică alte combinații de genuri. De exemplu, genurile lor pot fi femeie și neutrois, sau ambele genuri pot fi non-binare, cum ar fi agender și aporagender. Bigender este recunoscut de către Asociația Americană de Psihologie (APA) ca un subset al categoriei transgender.[2]

    Istorie

    În anii 80 o organizație transgender numită „the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute” a definit „bigenderist” ca un tip de androgin, aceasta fiind definită ca „o persoană care poate exprima confortabil ambele roluri de gen într-o varietate de situații sociale acceptabile”. [3][4]

    În 1992 Donna Mobley a scris în revista „The Femme Mirror”:

    « Nu sunt nici un bărbat care pretinde că este o femeie, nici o femeie care pretinde că este un bărbat. Sunt dual-gendered, și fericit(ă) astfel. Don și Donna coexistă și împreună formează cine și ce sunt cu adevărat. A pierde oricare parte m-ar lăsa gol/goală, căci niciuna nu poate exista fără cealaltă.[5] »

    Un bărbat transgender numit Gary Bowen a definit „bigendered” ca „având două genuri, prezentând caracteristici culturale ale rolurilor masculine și feminine” în lucrarea sa din 1995 „Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women” (Dicționar de Cuvinte pentru Femeile Masculine).[6]

    Un articol din 1997 despre „spectrul de gen” din „International Journal of Transgenderism” (Jurnalul Internațional al Transgenderismului) a remarcat că „o persoană care se simte sau se comportă atât ca o femeie, cât și ca un bărbat se poate identifica ca fiind bi-gendered”. De asemenea, s-au descris indivizi care erau „genderblended”, care sunt ambele genuri binare, dar „mai mult bărbat decât femeie” sau „mai mult femeie decât bărbat”.[7]

    Un sondaj din 1999 realizat de Departamentul de Sănătate Publică din San Francisco a observat că, în comunitatea transgender, mai puțin de 3% dintre cei care au fost atribuiți sexul masculin la naștere assigned male at birth și mai puțin de 8% dintre cei care au fost atribuiți sexul feminin la naștere assigned female at birth s-au identificat ca fiind bigender.[8]

    Într-o enciclopedie din 2010 „bigender” este descris ca fiind un tip de "androgin": „Identitățile androgine includ pangender, bigender, ambigender, nongendered, agender, gender fluid, și intergender”.[9]

    În 2012, Case și Ramachandran au realizat un studiu bazat pe rezultatele unui sondaj efectuat asuprea persoanelor genderfluid care s-au identificat ca fiind bigender și care experimentau alternanțe involuntare între stările masculine și feminine. Case și Ramachandran au numit această condiție „Alternating Gender Incongruity (AGI)”. Ei au propus ipoteza că alternanțele de gen pot reflecta un grad (sau adâncime) neobișnuit de schimbare emisferică și suprimarea corespunzătoare a hărților corporale adecvate sexului în cortexul parietal. Ei au spus că „Noi presupunem că monitorizarea ciclului nazal, ritmului rivalității binoculare și a altor indicatori ai schimbării emisferice va dezvălui o bază fiziologică pentru observațiile subiective ale indivizilor cu AGI despre schimbările de gen... Ne bazăm ipotezele pe asociațiile antice și moderne dintre emisferele stânga și dreapta și genurile masculine și feminine”.[10][11][12] Acești doctori consideră că atunci când persoanele bigender simt o schimbare între identitățile de gen, aceasta poate fi datorită unei schimbări a felului în care utilizează părți diferite din creier. Schimbarea de gen ar putea fi, de asemenea, legată de unul dintre ciclurile prezente în corpul fiecăruia, mai exact, ciclul nazal ce alternează la fiecare două zile. Aceasta este doar o ipoteză, momentan nu este dovedită.

    În 2014 bigender a devenit unul din cele 56 de genuri disponibile pe Facebook.[13]

    În iulie 2014 două steaguri bigender create de utilizatorul Tumblr no-bucks-for-this-doe au fost postate pe blogul "pridearchive".[14] Primul steag are șapte benzi orizontale: două nuanțe de roz în partea de sus, urmate de o bandă lavandă, o bandă albă în mijloc, încă o bandă lavandă, și două nuanțe de albastru jos. Al doilea steag este identic cu excepția că banda din mijloc este un gradient de la alb la gri. Semnificațiile culorilor au fost explicate astfel:

    « Semnificații:

    Roz: Feminitate

    Albastru: Masculinitate

    Mov: Non-binar

    Alb spre gri: Agender și alte genuri neutre

    Plasarea dungilor roz și albastre la margini opuse ale steagului reprezintă un sentiment de separare, dar și coexistență între masculinitate și feminitate[14]

    		»

    In later years, many alternate bigender pride flags were created after allegations that no-bucks-for-this-doe, aka Sunny, was transphobic and predatory.[15][16][17] In April 2022, a tumblr user claiming to be Sunny posted that the allegations against them were "more or less true" and also wrote that "I don't like the idea of my flag being used widely because it reminds me of the person I used to be. But it isn't up to me. Flags belong to the community as a whole, not the creator. Regardless I'm glad it seems to be phasing out."[18]

    In 2015, an entry for "bigender" was added to Dictionary.com,[19] defined as "a person who has two gender identities or some combination of both."[20]

    In 2017, bigender was one of the 37 gender options added to the dating network Tinder.[21]

    Exprimarea de gen

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    Bigender people "move between feminine and masculine gender-typed behaviour depending on context. Some bigendered individuals express a distinctly ‘en femme’ persona and a distinctly ‘en homme’ persona […] others have shades of grey between the two."[1]

    Notable bigender people

    Canadian sci-fi writer A.M. Dellamonica, who describes themself as "bigendered".
    Ukrainian author R.B. Lemberg, who describes themself as bigender.

    There is more information about this topic here: Notable nonbinary people

    There are many more notable people who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those notable people who specifically use the word "bigender" or "bi-gender" for themselves.

    • The Slovakian musician B-Complex (aka Matia or Maťo Lenická) is a drum and bass music producer and DJ. Prefers the name Maťo when presenting as a man and the name Matia when presenting as a woman.[22] The artist's first major label release was "Beautiful Lies", which appeared on the compilation Sick Music from Hospital Records. The compilation went on to reach the top 30 on the iTunes UK Download Chart, and was in the top 5 on the Beatport Drum and Bass Chart.[23][24] B-Complex goes by she/her pronouns (according to her Soundcloud bio), and says, "I happen to be a transgendered person as well, bi-gender in particular."[25]
    • The Ukranian writer R.B. Lemberg is bigender.[28][29] Lemberg's speculative fiction has been published in Lightspeed, Strange Horizons, Beneath Ceaseless Skies, Sisters of the Revolution, and Uncanny Magazine.
    • The young adult novelist Mia Siegert is bigender.[31] Siegert's debut novel Jerkbait made it into Goodreads Best YA of May 2016, Top 12 Indie YA from Barnes & Noble Teen Blog, and Top 10 YA of 2016 from AndPop![32]
    • The artist Nate "ND" Stevenson is bigender and transmasculine.[33] He uses he/him pronouns.

    Bigender characters in fiction

    There is more information about this topic here: Nonbinary gender in fiction

    There are many more nonbinary characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word "bigender," either in their canon, or by their creators.

    • But I'm A Cat Person by Erin Ptah - Urban fantasy webcomic featuring a bigender character - Timothy/Camellia Mattei - as well as numerous 'Beings' who are able to take on both male and female forms. Also features various LGBT characters. Updates three times a week.
    • Mia Siegert's novel Somebody Told Me has a bigender protagonist who goes by Alexis and/or Aleks.[34]
    • The protagonist of Baker Thief, by Claudie Arseneault, is bigender and aromantic.[35][36]
    • Why We Fight, by T.J. Klune, has a bigender protagonist.[37]
    • Currently-in-development dating sim The Office Type includes the character Mx. Hura Stapleton, who is bigender.[38]
    • Currently-in-development dating sim Repurpose includes the character Cheri, who is bigender and omnisexual.[39][40]
    • Currently-in-development visual novel ValiDate: Struggling Singles in your Area includes the character Emhari Abdi, who is a bigender lesbian. Emhari uses both "he/him" and "she/her" pronouns.[41][42]

    See also

    External links

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 author=Schneider, M., et al. APA Task Force on Gender Identity, Gender Variance, and Intersex Conditions, 2008 http://www.apa.org/topics/sexuality/transgender.pdf (PDF)[Dead link]
    2. ↑ Schneider, Margaret; Bockting, Walter; Ehrbar, Randall; Lawrence, Anne; Rachlin, Katherine Louise; Zucker, Kenneth (2006). "Answers to Your Questions About Transgender Individuals and Gender Identity" (PDF). American Psychological Associaton. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 July 2010.
    3. ↑ "Brochure for the Human Outreach and Achievement Institute." Ephemera. 1980. Digital Transgender Archive, https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/8g84mm373 (accessed October 02, 2020).
    4. ↑ The Human Outreach and Achievement Institute. "Abstracts of a Symposium on Gender Issues for the 90s (Jul. 20, 1988)." Pamphlet. Digital Transgender Archive, https://www.digitaltransgenderarchive.net/files/5q47rn80n (accessed October 02, 2020).
    5. ↑ Mobley, Donna (Winter 1992). "A Question of Balance". The Femme Mirror. Reprinted in a 1993 issue of TV/TS Tapestry Journal.
    6. ↑ Bowen, Gary (15 May 1995). "A Dictionary of Words for Masculine Women". FTM International. Archived from the original on 5 November 1996.
    7. ↑ Eyler, A.E.; Wright, K. (1997). "Gender Identification and Sexual Orientation Among Genetic Females with Gender-Blended Self-Perception in Childhood and Adolescence". International Journal of Transgenderism.
    8. ↑ Clements, K. "The Transgender Community Health Project." San Francisco Department of Public Health. 1999. http://hivinsite.ucsf.edu/InSite?page=cftg-02-02
    9. ↑ Encyclopedia of Curriculum Studies, page 894, SAGE Publications, 2010.
    10. ↑ Case, Laura K.; Ramachandran, Vilayanur S. (2012). "Alternating gender incongruity: A new neuropsychiatric syndrome providing insight into the dynamic plasticity of brain-sex". Medical Hypotheses. 78 (5): 626–631. doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.01.041. ISSN 0306-9877.
    11. ↑ "Bigender - Boy Today, Girl Tomorrow?". Neuroskeptic. April 8, 2012. http://neuroskeptic.blogspot.com/2012/04/bigender-boy-today-girl-tomorrow.html
    12. ↑ Stix, Gary (20 April 2012). "'Alternating Gender Incongruity' Causes Rapid Shifts Of Gender, Scientist Claims". The Huffington Post.
    13. ↑ Eve Shapiro, Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age. Unpaged.
    14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 "Bigender Pride". Pride Archive. 30 July 2014. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
    15. ↑ "Bigender Flag – What Does It Represent?". Symbol Sage. 2021. Retrieved 6 July 2021. A few years back, there were accusations flying around that the original creator of the 'official' bigender flag showed signs of being transphobic and predatory. Thus, many members of the bigender community felt uncomfortable associating with the original bigender flag. There have been many attempts across the years to conceptualize a brand-new bigender flag – one that's free from the questionable reputation of its designer.
    16. ↑ "a little note on the bigender flag". 13 October 2020. Retrieved 6 July 2021.
    17. ↑ @SidiPopsicle (15 June 2021). "BEGGING people who add Bigender to pride tweets to research that the original flag was made by a transphobic and abusive pedo, and that there are two other popular redesigns to choose from (i personally prefer the one with the purple stripe in the middle, pictured below)!" – via Twitter.
    18. ↑ 031exuberantwitness (28 April 2022). "I'm Sunny, the creator of the old bigender flag".
    19. ↑ "Here Are Some New Words Added To Dictionary.com". Dictionary.com. 6 May 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2023.
    20. ↑ "Bigender." Dictionary.com. Retrieved May 18, 2015. http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/bigender
    21. ↑ Mallenbaum, Carly (15 November 2016). "What you need to know about Tinder's new gender identity terms". USA TODAY. Retrieved 29 April 2020.
    22. ↑ Pecíková, Laura. "Prelomil/a B-complex: Keď som muž, tak som Maťo, keď žena, tak Matia" [B-complex explained: When I'm a man, I'm Mato, when a woman, Matia]. Denník N (in Slovak). Retrieved 28 March 2020.
    23. ↑ Kivex (15 June 2009). "Interview: London Elektricity & B-Complex". Broken Beats. Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 2014-09-17. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
    24. ↑ "Hospital Records - B-complex". Hospital Records. Archived from the original on 2013-05-14. CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link)
    25. ↑ Facebook post, June 6, 2015
    26. ↑ "Press Kit – A.M. Dellamonica". alyxdellamonica.com. Retrieved 8 August 2021. Dellamonica tells people they are bigendered, bisexual and bisectional. (The latter means they sing both alto and soprano.)
    27. ↑ @AlyxDellamonica (June 15, 2016). "Bigendered, bisectional, bisexual. The middle means I sing alto and soprano. I write SF/F/H. Legally married to @kellyoyo #QueerSelfLove" – via Twitter.
    28. ↑ http://rblemberg.net/?page_id=16
    29. ↑ @RB_Lemberg (July 25, 2018). "@bogiperson is my spouseperson and Mati the Child is our childperson. We are all #ActuallyAutistic :) I forgot to mention that I am bigender and use the pronoun "they." Good to see you here - come say hello if you feel like it! <3" – via Twitter.
    30. ↑ Harrison, Margot (27 February 2019). "Quick Lit: 'Bi-Gender: A Candid Nonbinary Memoir' by James-Beth Merritt". Seven Days. Retrieved 3 October 2020.
    31. ↑ "Writing from a Place of Truth". Diversity in YA. Retrieved 2 May 2020. I’m bigender, identifying as both a mostly-hetero female and a gay male.
    32. ↑ Mari (January 7, 2020). "Sensational Sophomores: Interview with Mia Siegert". musings of a book girl. Retrieved May 2, 2020.
    33. ↑ https://twitter.com/Gingerhazing/status/1377305526908841990
    34. ↑ "A Book Trailer, Podcast, and Mia Siegert's Playlist for Somebody Told Me". The Lerner Blog. Lerner Publishing Group. May 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    35. ↑ Simkiss, Ceillie. "Author Interview: Xan West". Let's Fox About It. Retrieved 5 October 2020.
    36. ↑ https://gumroad.com/l/bakerthief
    37. ↑ "Book Recs: Twitter's Favourite Trans Books". Reads Rainbow. 13 May 2020. Retrieved 2 November 2020.
    38. ↑ Heavy Thought Studios - Projects
    39. ↑ "Repurpose (Demo) by Eros". itch.io. 11 June 2020. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
    40. ↑ Resident Rabbit. "Repurpose". Kickstarter. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
    41. ↑ @ValiDateGame (18 July 2020). "Our first mini interview is with Nasr (@trashyvoid ), the artist of Emhari!" – via Twitter.
    42. ↑ ValiDate: Meet The Cast!
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