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<languages />
{{infobox identity
{{infobox identity
| name = Genderqueer
| flag = genderqueer.png
| flag = genderqueer.png
| meaning = - Lavendel: Mischung aus pink (weiblich) und blau (männlich)<br>- Weiß: Geschlechtsneutral or geschlechtslos <br>- Dunkelgrün: Umkehrung von lavendel, also das dritte Geschlecht
| meaning = Lavender: mixture of pink (female) and blue (male); White: gender neutral or agender; Dark green: inverse of lavander, meaning the third gender
| related = [[nicht-binär]], [[transgender]]
| related = [[Nonbinary]]
| percentage = 28.9
| umbrella = [[Transgender]]
| frequency = 28.9%
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Genderqueer
| gallery_link = Pride Gallery/Genderqueer
}}
}}
{{Personal story
{{Personal story
| quote = Nicht-binäre Menschen stehen unter dem Druck, eine Fassade der absoluten Sicherheit und Gewissheit über ihre Identität zu präsentieren. Man muss jederzeit Selbstvertrauen ausstrahlen, damit niemand jemals die Möglichkeit hat, das eigene Geschlecht in Frage zu stellen. Und das finde ich wirklich schade, denn so laufen wir Gefahr, der Sicherheit mehr Bedeutung zu verleihen, als der Erkundung. Die einzigen Momente, in denen wir verletzlich sein können, sind mit anderen queeren Menschen, die verstehen, dass Geschlecht eine Reise und ein Prozess ist.
| quote = Nicht-binäre Menschen stehen unter dem Druck, eine Fassade der absoluten Sicherheit und Gewissheit über ihre Identität zu präsentieren. Man muss jederzeit Selbstvertrauen ausstrahlen, damit niemand jemals die Möglichkeit hat, das eigene Geschlecht in Frage zu stellen. Und das finde ich wirklich schade, denn so laufen wir Gefahr, der Sicherheit mehr Bedeutung zu verleihen, als der Erkundung. Die einzigen Momente, in denen wir verletzlich sein können, sind mit anderen queeren Menschen, die verstehen, dass Geschlecht eine Reise und ein Prozess ist.
Übersetzt mit www.DeepL.com/Translator (kostenlose Version)
| age = 26
| age = 26
| identity = Genderqueer
| identity = Genderqueer
}}
}}
'''Genderqueer''', also called '''GenderQueer''' or '''gender queer''', is an umbrella term that refers both to non-normative [[Gender Identity|gender identity]] and [[Gender Expression|gender expression]]. The label may also be used by individuals wishing to identify as holding queer or non-normative gender without being any more specific about the nature of their gender.
'''Genderqueer''', auch '''GenderQueer''' oder '''genderqueer''' genannt, ist ein Sammelbegriff, der sich sowohl auf nicht-normative [[Gender Identity|Geschlechtsidentitäten]] als auch auf [[Gender Expression|Geschlechtsmerkmale]] bezieht. Die Bezeichnung kann auch von Personen verwendet werden, die sich als "queer" oder "nicht-normativ" bezeichnen, ohne ihr Geschlecht genauer zu definieren.


As an umbrella term, Genderqueer has a similar scope to [[nonbinary|nonbinary]], with many nonbinary-identifying individuals also considering themselves genderqueer. However, the terms have different historical scopes and connotations. The word genderqueer was used at least ten years before nonbinary.
Als Oberbegriff hat Genderqueer eine ähnliche Tragweite wie [[nonbinary|nicht-binär]], wobei sich viele Personen, die sich als nicht-binär identifizieren, auch als genderqueer sehen. Die Begriffe haben jedoch unterschiedliche historische Bedeutungen und Zusammenhänge. Das Wort genderqueer wurde mindestens zehn Jahre vor dem Begriff nicht-binär verwendet.


==History==
==Geschichte==


Genderqueer was coined in the 1990s as 'Gender Queer,' and was for a time written as 'GenderQueer' before becoming a single word. The original meaning was literally queer gender, including anyone who felt the way they experienced or expressed gender was queer. The term carries the non-normative and anti-assimilationist connotations of the [[Queer Movement]] and applies these to gender rather than sexuality.
Genderqueer wurde in den 1990er Jahren als "Gender Queer" geprägt und wurde eine Zeit lang "GenderQueer" geschrieben, bevor es zu einem zusammengesetzten Wort wurde. Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung war wortwörtlich "queeres Geschlecht" und schloss jeden ein, der die Art und Weise, wie er sein Geschlecht erlebt oder ausdrückt, als "queer" empfand. Der Begriff übernimmt die nicht-normativen und anti-assimilatorischen Konnotationen der [[Queer Movement|Queer-Bewegung]] und wendet diese eher auf das Geschlecht als auf die Sexualität an.


[http://genderqueerid.com/post/8813994851/answering-gender-questions-coining-genderqueer The earliest known use of the term] is by [[Riki Anne Wilchins]] in the Spring 1995 newsletter of [[Transexual Menace]].
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
A 1990 book titled "The Welcoming Congregation Handbook" defined "Gender Queer" as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system".<ref>{{cite book|title=The Welcoming Congregation Handbook |page=120 |publisher=Unitarian Universalist Association |date=1990 |last=Alexander |first=Scott W. |edition=2nd}}</ref>
</div>


[http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/2003/10/19/riki-wilchins-on-the-tg-spectrum/ Riki Wilchins' essay] from the 2002 anthology ''[[GenderQueer (book)|GenderQueer]]'' describes how the original 'Gender Queers' adopted the label because the intended-to-be-inclusive umbrella term [[transgender]] had begun to be most strongly associated with [[transsexual]], [[Gender Binary|gender binary]] identified and medically [[Transition|transitioning]] people, pushing out those who did not fit this dominant [[Transgender Narrative|transgender narrative]].
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Another early usage of the term was by [[Riki Anne Wilchins]] in the Spring 1995 newsletter of [[Transexual Menace]]:
</div>


By 1999/2000, online communities such as the [[Sphere mailing list]] were using the term genderqueer as an umbrella to unite a number of [[nonbinary]] gender identities and identifications that are now thought of as under the nonbinary umbrella. Over the next decade, genderqueer developed as a standalone identity with particular (sub)cultural expectations and connotations, while the tendency to identify particular experiences under its umbrella seemed to diminish. However both uses are still visible in different online and in person communities.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
{{quote|...this is not just one more civil rights struggle for one more narrowly-defined minority. It's about all of us who are genderqueer: diesel [[dyke]]s and [[stone butch]]es, leatherqueens and radical fairies, nelly fags, [[Crossdressing|crossdressers]], [[intersex]]ed, [[transsexual]]s, [[transvestite]]s, [[transgender]]ed, transgressively gendered, and those of us whose gender expressions are so complex they haven’t even been named yet.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Answering Gender Questions: Coining Genderqueer, Queer Fluidity, Gender-Normative |author= |work=GENDERQUEER AND NON-BINARY IDENTITIES |date=11 August 2011 |access-date=24 January 2022 |url= https://genderqueerid.com/post/8813994851/answering-gender-questions-coining-genderqueer}}</ref>}}
</div>


==Difference between Genderqueer and Nonbinary==
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
[http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/2003/10/19/riki-wilchins-on-the-tg-spectrum/ Riki Wilchins' essay] from the 2002 anthology ''[[Books|GenderQueer]]'' describes how the original 'Gender Queers' adopted the label because the intended-to-be-inclusive umbrella term [[transgender]] had begun to be most strongly associated with [[transsexual]], [[gender binary]] identified and medically [[transition]]ing people, pushing out those who did not fit this dominant [[transgender narrative]].
</div>


Genderqueer means non-normative or ''queer'' gender while [[nonbinary]] means gender that falls outside the [[gender binary]] model. Both of these terms are extremely similar in scope, however in practice their connotations are significantly different.
Um 1999/2000 verwendeten Onlinegemeinschaften wie die [[Sphere mailing list|Sphere-Mailingliste]] den Begriff genderqueer als Überbegriff für eine Reihe von [[nonbinary|nicht-binären]] Geschlechtsidentitäten und -identifikationen, die heute unter dem Begriff nicht-binär zusammengefasst werden. Im Laufe des nächsten Jahrzehnts entwickelte sich "genderqueer" zu einer eigenständigen Identität mit besonderen (sub)kulturellen Erwartungen und Konnotationen, während die Tendenz, bestimmte Erfahrungen unter diesem Begriff zu identifizieren, abzunehmen schien. Beide Verwendungen sind jedoch in verschiedenen Online- und lokalen Gemeinschaften immer noch sichtbar.


Genderqueer comes with the anti-assimilationist political connotations of [[queer]], which is a reclaimed slur word with strong associations with a countercultural sexuality movement that sets itself apart from the mainstream [[LGBT]] community. (Note that the word "queer" is still actively used as a pejorative and hate speech in many regions.) As such genderqueer implies a similar counterculture, setting itself apart from mainstream [[transgender]] discourse. Most genderqueer people also consider themselves to be queer and there is a strong trend of rejecting the gender binary and normative [[gender roles]] with in the Queer Movement as a whole.
==Unterschied zwischen Genderqueer und Nicht-binär==


By contrast, nonbinary is more politically neutral in its connotations. Nonbinary was coined as a descriptive term, originally simply 'nonbinary gender', used to describe the range of experiences that fall outside of the binary gender model. There is no countercultural anti-transgender discourse connotation, nor is there a connotation of association with the wider Queer Movement. Nonbinary is intended to simply cover the widest range of identities and experiences without intending to describe their political or cultural philosophies and affiliations.
Genderqueer bedeutet nicht-normatives oder ''queeres'' Geschlecht, während [[nonbinary|nicht-binär]] ein Geschlecht bezeichnet, das außerhalb des [[Gender binary|binäres Geschlechts]] liegt. Beide Begriffe sind vom Umfang her sehr ähnlich, aber in der Praxis sind ihre Bedeutungen sehr unterschiedlich.


===Observed differences between people who hold each identity===
Genderqueer ist mit den anpassungsfeindlichen politischen Assoziationen von [[queer]] verknüpft, einem zurückgewonnenen Schimpfwort mit starken Assoziationen zu einer gegenkulturellen Sexualitätsbewegung, die sich von der [[LGBT]]-Community abgrenzt. (Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass das Wort "queer" in vielen Regionen immer noch aktiv als Schimpfwort und Hassrede verwendet wird.) Genderqueer impliziert eine ähnliche Gegenkultur, die sich vom Mainstream-[[Transgender]]-Diskurs abhebt. Die meisten genderqueeren Menschen betrachten sich selbst auch als queer, und in der Queer-Bewegung insgesamt gibt es einen starken Trend zur Ablehnung des binären Geschlechts und normativer [[gender roles|Geschlechterrollen]].


While genderqueer and nonbinary are theoretically extremely similar in their scope as umbrella terms, in practice genderqueer slants more towards those who identify as queering gender while nonbinary tends to attract those who hold specific [[trans*]] or [[transgender]] identities that fall outside of the gender binary.
Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Begriff " nicht-binär " in seiner Bedeutung politisch neutraler. Nicht-binär wurde als beschreibender Begriff geprägt, ursprünglich einfach "nicht-binäres Geschlecht", um das Spektrum der Erfahrungen zu beschreiben, die außerhalb des binären Geschlechtsmodells liegen. Es gibt weder eine Verbindung zum antikulturellen Anti-Transgender-Diskurs, noch eine Verbindung zur Queer-Bewegung im weiteren Sinne. "Nicht-binär" soll einfach das breiteste Spektrum an Identitäten und Erfahrungen abdecken, ohne die Absicht, ihre politischen oder kulturellen Philosophien und Zugehörigkeiten zu beschreiben.


Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to hold [[binary gender]] identities (eg, 'Genderqueer Woman') while considering their [[gender expression]] or [[gender performance]] to be queer or non-normative, while nonbinary-identified people are more likely to consider their [[gender identity]] (or lack of gender identity) to fall outside of the binary. Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to consider themselves to be queer or a member of the queer community.
===Beobachtete Unterschiede zwischen Menschen, die jede Identität besitzen===


Während genderqueer und nicht-binär theoretisch sehr ähnlich sind, richtet sich genderqueer in der Praxis eher an diejenigen, die sich als queeres Geschlecht identifizieren, während nicht-binär eher diejenigen anspricht, die spezifische [[trans*]] oder [[transgender]]-Identitäten haben, die außerhalb des binären Geschlechts liegen.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to hold [[binary gender]] identities (eg, 'Genderqueer Woman') while considering their [[gender expression]] or [[gender performance]] to be queer or non-normative, while nonbinary-identified people are more likely to consider their [[gender identity]] (or lack of gender identity) to fall outside of the binary.{{citation needed}} Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to consider themselves to be queer or a member of the queer community.
</div>
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Nonbinary-identified people generally seem more comfortable with considering themselves transgender and more likely to use the language of [[gender dysphoria]]. The adoption of the term 'nonbinary' by parts of the genderqueer community may reflect a trend of adopting the language of the transgender rights movement in order to make use of and expand on the legal protections now afforded to transgender people in some localities. Nonbinary-identified people may be more likely to be seeking access to transgender medical care or legal recognition (aka [[transition]]).
Nonbinary-identified people generally seem more comfortable with considering themselves transgender and more likely to use the language of [[gender dysphoria]]. The adoption of the term 'nonbinary' by parts of the genderqueer community may reflect a trend of adopting the language of the transgender rights movement in order to make use of and expand on the legal protections now afforded to transgender people in some localities. Nonbinary-identified people may be more likely to be seeking access to transgender medical care or legal recognition (aka [[transition]]).
</div>


Some nonbinary people reject the term genderqueer as an umbrella term because they are offended to be associated with queer sexuality, or still see queer as an offensive slur word.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Some nonbinary people reject the term genderqueer as an umbrella term because they are offended to be associated with queer sexuality, or still see queer as an offensive word.
</div>


Despite these trends and connotations, both terms are used by some members of each group and so may be considered as wide inclusive umbrella terms. Some genderqueer-identified people have sought 'transition', some nonbinary-identified people hold binary gender identities and consider themselves to be nonbinary by gender expression, and it is currently common for nonbinary-identified individuals to also identify as genderqueer (especially as this term predates nonbinary by at least a decade).
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
Despite these trends and connotations, both terms are used by some members of each group and so may be considered as wide inclusive umbrella terms. Some genderqueer-identified people have sought 'transition', some nonbinary-identified people hold binary gender identities and consider themselves to be nonbinary by gender expression, and it is currently common for nonbinary-identified individuals to also identify as genderqueer (especially as this term predates nonbinary by at least a decade).{{citation needed}}
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Is Genderqueer Transgender?==
==Is Genderqueer Transgender?==
</div>


There is controversy within the genderqueer community over whether genderqueer people fall under the [[transgender]] umbrella. Despite the work of [[Leslie Feinberg]] in the 1990s to coin transgender as a wide and inclusive umbrella term covering all forms of ''transgressive gender'', the term genderqueer developed out of a frustration with the association between transgender and [[transsexualism]], [[gender dysphoria]] and the dominant [[transgender narrative]].
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
There is controversy within the genderqueer community over whether genderqueer people fall under the [[transgender]] umbrella. Despite the work of [[Leslie Feinberg]] in the 1990s to coin transgender as a wide and inclusive umbrella term covering all forms of ''transgressive gender'', the term genderqueer developed out of a frustration with the association between transgender and [[Transsexual|transsexualism]], [[gender dysphoria]] and the dominant [[transgender narrative]].{{citation needed}}
</div>


It is common for genderqueer-identified people to consider trans and [[transgender]] to be synonymous with [[transition]] and so to claim genderqueer as a non-transgender identity. This is especially true with people who are genderqueer by gender expression only, but also applies to some genderqueer people who are comfortable with their body and see transgender as synonymous with bodily gender dysphoria.
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
It is common for genderqueer-identified people to consider trans and [[transgender]] to be synonymous with [[transition]] and so to claim genderqueer as a non-transgender identity. This is especially true with people who are genderqueer by gender expression only, but also applies to some genderqueer people who are comfortable with their body and see transgender as synonymous with bodily gender dysphoria.{{citation needed}}
As such, it is important when talking about genderqueer and nonbinary people to recognise that not all people who hold these identities consider themselves to fall under the transgender umbrella.
As such, it is important when talking about genderqueer and nonbinary people to recognise that not all people who hold these identities consider themselves to fall under the transgender umbrella.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Notable people==
==Notable people==
[[File:JD Samson.jpg|thumb|JD Samson]]
</div>
Notable people who specifically describe themselves with the label "genderqueer" include:  
[[File:JD Samson.jpg|thumb|<span lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">JD Samson</span>]]
* musician [[JD Samson]]  
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
* porn actor [[Jiz Lee]]  
Some notable people who specifically describe themselves with the label "genderqueer" include:  
* model [[notable nonbinary people#Rain Dove|Rain Dove]]  
* musician [[JD Samson]]
* singer, songwriter and actor [[notable nonbinary people#Kieran Strange|Kieran Strange]]  
* model [[Rain Dove]]  
* drag performer [[Violet Chachki]]
* internet personality [[Jeffrey Marsh]]
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
For more, see this wiki's [[:Category:Genderqueer people|genderqueer people category]].
</div>
 
<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Genderqueer characters in fiction==
There are many more [[Nonbinary gender in fiction|characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary]]. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word genderqueer, either in their canon, or by their creators.
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*In [[Rhiannon Collett]]'s play ''Wasp'', the protagonist Wasp is genderqueer.<ref name="mqli_Wasp">{{Cite web |title=Wasp |author= |work=Marquis Literary |date= |access-date=9 May 2020 |url= http://mqlit.ca/plays/wasp/}}</ref>
* In Ann Roberts' young adult book ''In The Silences'', the protagonist Kaz describes themself as nonbinary and genderqueer.<ref>{{cite book|title=In the Silences|year=2019|last=Roberts|first=Ann|publisher=Bella Books|ISBN=9781642471267}}</ref>
* Creators of the webcomic ''Mahou Shonen FIGHT!'' have "confirmed that Raji and Raji's fiancé both identify as gender queer and non-conforming".<ref>Hatfield, N. K. (2015). TRANSforming Spaces: Transgender Webcomics as a Model for Transgender Empowerment and Representation within Library and Archive Spaces. Queer Cats Journal of LGBTQ Studies, 1(1). Page 64. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g15q00g</ref>
* ''Whirlwind'', by Reese Morrison, is a collection of interconnected short romance/sex stories. One of the main characters, Carla, describes himself as genderqueer and [[masculine-of-center]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Whirlwind |last=Morrison |first=Reese|year=2020|edition=Kindle}}</ref>
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==See also==
==See also==
*[[Nonbinary gender]]
*[[Nonbinary gender]]
Line 71: Line 116:
*[[Intergender]]
*[[Intergender]]
*[[Androgyne]]
*[[Androgyne]]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==External links==
==External links==
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genderqueer Wikipedia's Genderqueer article]
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genderqueer Wikipedia's Genderqueer article]
*[http://genderqueerid.com Genderqueer Identities]
*[http://genderqueerid.com Genderqueer Identities]
*[http://genderqueerid.com/post/11617933299/the-non-binary-vs-genderqueer-quandary Genderqueer Identities: The Non-binary vs Genderqueer Quandary]
*[http://genderqueerid.com/post/11617933299/the-non-binary-vs-genderqueer-quandary Genderqueer Identities: The Non-binary vs Genderqueer Quandary]
*[http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/2003/10/19/riki-wilchins-on-the-tg-spectrum/ Riki Wilchin's essay on the origins of Genderqueer from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer]
*[http://www.myhusbandbetty.com/2003/10/19/riki-wilchins-on-the-tg-spectrum/ Riki Wilchin's essay on the origins of Genderqueer from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer]
*[https://www.autostraddle.com/genderqueer/ A Gender by Any Other Name: What Does the Term Genderqueer Mean to Us in 2021?]
</div>


<div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr">
==Further reading==
==Further reading==
* Nestle, Joan, Clare Howell, and Riki A. Wilchins. ''GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary''. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002. Print.
* Nestle, Joan, Clare Howell, and Riki A. Wilchins. ''GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary''. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002. Print.
* Sycamore, Mattilda B. ''Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity''. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 2006. Print.
* Sycamore, Mattilda B. ''Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity''. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 2006. Print.
</div>
[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]
[[Category:Nonbinary identities]]
[[de:nichtbinär_und_genderqueer]]
[[de:nichtbinär_und_genderqueer]]
<references />

Latest revision as of 22:46, 23 June 2023

Other languages:
Genderqueer/de
Genderqueer.png
Meaning
Lavender: mixture of pink (female) and blue (male); White: gender neutral or agender; Dark green: inverse of lavander, meaning the third gender
Related identities Nonbinary
Under the umbrella term Transgender
Frequency 28.9%
Click here to see alternative flags!
« Nicht-binäre Menschen stehen unter dem Druck, eine Fassade der absoluten Sicherheit und Gewissheit über ihre Identität zu präsentieren. Man muss jederzeit Selbstvertrauen ausstrahlen, damit niemand jemals die Möglichkeit hat, das eigene Geschlecht in Frage zu stellen. Und das finde ich wirklich schade, denn so laufen wir Gefahr, der Sicherheit mehr Bedeutung zu verleihen, als der Erkundung. Die einzigen Momente, in denen wir verletzlich sein können, sind mit anderen queeren Menschen, die verstehen, dass Geschlecht eine Reise und ein Prozess ist. »
Anonymous, 26 (Genderqueer)[1]

Genderqueer, auch GenderQueer oder genderqueer genannt, ist ein Sammelbegriff, der sich sowohl auf nicht-normative Geschlechtsidentitäten als auch auf Geschlechtsmerkmale bezieht. Die Bezeichnung kann auch von Personen verwendet werden, die sich als "queer" oder "nicht-normativ" bezeichnen, ohne ihr Geschlecht genauer zu definieren.

Als Oberbegriff hat Genderqueer eine ähnliche Tragweite wie nicht-binär, wobei sich viele Personen, die sich als nicht-binär identifizieren, auch als genderqueer sehen. Die Begriffe haben jedoch unterschiedliche historische Bedeutungen und Zusammenhänge. Das Wort genderqueer wurde mindestens zehn Jahre vor dem Begriff nicht-binär verwendet.

Geschichte

Genderqueer wurde in den 1990er Jahren als "Gender Queer" geprägt und wurde eine Zeit lang "GenderQueer" geschrieben, bevor es zu einem zusammengesetzten Wort wurde. Die ursprüngliche Bedeutung war wortwörtlich "queeres Geschlecht" und schloss jeden ein, der die Art und Weise, wie er sein Geschlecht erlebt oder ausdrückt, als "queer" empfand. Der Begriff übernimmt die nicht-normativen und anti-assimilatorischen Konnotationen der Queer-Bewegung und wendet diese eher auf das Geschlecht als auf die Sexualität an.

A 1990 book titled "The Welcoming Congregation Handbook" defined "Gender Queer" as "A person whose understanding of her/hir/his gender identification transcends society's polarized gender system".[2]

Another early usage of the term was by Riki Anne Wilchins in the Spring 1995 newsletter of Transexual Menace:

« ...this is not just one more civil rights struggle for one more narrowly-defined minority. It's about all of us who are genderqueer: diesel dykes and stone butches, leatherqueens and radical fairies, nelly fags, crossdressers, intersexed, transsexuals, transvestites, transgendered, transgressively gendered, and those of us whose gender expressions are so complex they haven’t even been named yet.[3] »

Riki Wilchins' essay from the 2002 anthology GenderQueer describes how the original 'Gender Queers' adopted the label because the intended-to-be-inclusive umbrella term transgender had begun to be most strongly associated with transsexual, gender binary identified and medically transitioning people, pushing out those who did not fit this dominant transgender narrative.

Um 1999/2000 verwendeten Onlinegemeinschaften wie die Sphere-Mailingliste den Begriff genderqueer als Überbegriff für eine Reihe von nicht-binären Geschlechtsidentitäten und -identifikationen, die heute unter dem Begriff nicht-binär zusammengefasst werden. Im Laufe des nächsten Jahrzehnts entwickelte sich "genderqueer" zu einer eigenständigen Identität mit besonderen (sub)kulturellen Erwartungen und Konnotationen, während die Tendenz, bestimmte Erfahrungen unter diesem Begriff zu identifizieren, abzunehmen schien. Beide Verwendungen sind jedoch in verschiedenen Online- und lokalen Gemeinschaften immer noch sichtbar.

Unterschied zwischen Genderqueer und Nicht-binär

Genderqueer bedeutet nicht-normatives oder queeres Geschlecht, während nicht-binär ein Geschlecht bezeichnet, das außerhalb des binäres Geschlechts liegt. Beide Begriffe sind vom Umfang her sehr ähnlich, aber in der Praxis sind ihre Bedeutungen sehr unterschiedlich.

Genderqueer ist mit den anpassungsfeindlichen politischen Assoziationen von queer verknüpft, einem zurückgewonnenen Schimpfwort mit starken Assoziationen zu einer gegenkulturellen Sexualitätsbewegung, die sich von der LGBT-Community abgrenzt. (Es sei darauf hingewiesen, dass das Wort "queer" in vielen Regionen immer noch aktiv als Schimpfwort und Hassrede verwendet wird.) Genderqueer impliziert eine ähnliche Gegenkultur, die sich vom Mainstream-Transgender-Diskurs abhebt. Die meisten genderqueeren Menschen betrachten sich selbst auch als queer, und in der Queer-Bewegung insgesamt gibt es einen starken Trend zur Ablehnung des binären Geschlechts und normativer Geschlechterrollen.

Im Gegensatz dazu ist der Begriff " nicht-binär " in seiner Bedeutung politisch neutraler. Nicht-binär wurde als beschreibender Begriff geprägt, ursprünglich einfach "nicht-binäres Geschlecht", um das Spektrum der Erfahrungen zu beschreiben, die außerhalb des binären Geschlechtsmodells liegen. Es gibt weder eine Verbindung zum antikulturellen Anti-Transgender-Diskurs, noch eine Verbindung zur Queer-Bewegung im weiteren Sinne. "Nicht-binär" soll einfach das breiteste Spektrum an Identitäten und Erfahrungen abdecken, ohne die Absicht, ihre politischen oder kulturellen Philosophien und Zugehörigkeiten zu beschreiben.

Beobachtete Unterschiede zwischen Menschen, die jede Identität besitzen

Während genderqueer und nicht-binär theoretisch sehr ähnlich sind, richtet sich genderqueer in der Praxis eher an diejenigen, die sich als queeres Geschlecht identifizieren, während nicht-binär eher diejenigen anspricht, die spezifische trans* oder transgender-Identitäten haben, die außerhalb des binären Geschlechts liegen.

Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to hold binary gender identities (eg, 'Genderqueer Woman') while considering their gender expression or gender performance to be queer or non-normative, while nonbinary-identified people are more likely to consider their gender identity (or lack of gender identity) to fall outside of the binary.[citation needed] Genderqueer-identified people seem to be more likely to consider themselves to be queer or a member of the queer community.

Nonbinary-identified people generally seem more comfortable with considering themselves transgender and more likely to use the language of gender dysphoria. The adoption of the term 'nonbinary' by parts of the genderqueer community may reflect a trend of adopting the language of the transgender rights movement in order to make use of and expand on the legal protections now afforded to transgender people in some localities. Nonbinary-identified people may be more likely to be seeking access to transgender medical care or legal recognition (aka transition).

Some nonbinary people reject the term genderqueer as an umbrella term because they are offended to be associated with queer sexuality, or still see queer as an offensive word.

Despite these trends and connotations, both terms are used by some members of each group and so may be considered as wide inclusive umbrella terms. Some genderqueer-identified people have sought 'transition', some nonbinary-identified people hold binary gender identities and consider themselves to be nonbinary by gender expression, and it is currently common for nonbinary-identified individuals to also identify as genderqueer (especially as this term predates nonbinary by at least a decade).[citation needed]

Is Genderqueer Transgender?

There is controversy within the genderqueer community over whether genderqueer people fall under the transgender umbrella. Despite the work of Leslie Feinberg in the 1990s to coin transgender as a wide and inclusive umbrella term covering all forms of transgressive gender, the term genderqueer developed out of a frustration with the association between transgender and transsexualism, gender dysphoria and the dominant transgender narrative.[citation needed]

It is common for genderqueer-identified people to consider trans and transgender to be synonymous with transition and so to claim genderqueer as a non-transgender identity. This is especially true with people who are genderqueer by gender expression only, but also applies to some genderqueer people who are comfortable with their body and see transgender as synonymous with bodily gender dysphoria.[citation needed] As such, it is important when talking about genderqueer and nonbinary people to recognise that not all people who hold these identities consider themselves to fall under the transgender umbrella.

Notable people

JD Samson

Some notable people who specifically describe themselves with the label "genderqueer" include:

For more, see this wiki's genderqueer people category.

Genderqueer characters in fiction

There are many more characters in fiction who have a gender identity outside of the binary. The following are only some of those characters who are specifically called by the word genderqueer, either in their canon, or by their creators.

  • In Rhiannon Collett's play Wasp, the protagonist Wasp is genderqueer.[4]
  • In Ann Roberts' young adult book In The Silences, the protagonist Kaz describes themself as nonbinary and genderqueer.[5]
  • Creators of the webcomic Mahou Shonen FIGHT! have "confirmed that Raji and Raji's fiancé both identify as gender queer and non-conforming".[6]
  • Whirlwind, by Reese Morrison, is a collection of interconnected short romance/sex stories. One of the main characters, Carla, describes himself as genderqueer and masculine-of-center.[7]

External links

Further reading

  • Nestle, Joan, Clare Howell, and Riki A. Wilchins. GenderQueer: Voices from Beyond the Sexual Binary. Los Angeles: Alyson Books, 2002. Print.
  • Sycamore, Mattilda B. Nobody Passes: Rejecting the Rules of Gender and Conformity. Emeryville, CA: Seal Press, 2006. Print.
  1. This quote is a snippet from an answer to the survey conducted in the year 2018. Note for editors: the text of the quote, as well as the name, age and gender identity of its author shouldn't be changed.
  2. Alexander, Scott W. (1990). The Welcoming Congregation Handbook (2nd ed.). Unitarian Universalist Association. p. 120.
  3. "Answering Gender Questions: Coining Genderqueer, Queer Fluidity, Gender-Normative". GENDERQUEER AND NON-BINARY IDENTITIES. 11 August 2011. Retrieved 24 January 2022.
  4. "Wasp". Marquis Literary. Retrieved 9 May 2020.
  5. Roberts, Ann (2019). In the Silences. Bella Books. ISBN 9781642471267.
  6. Hatfield, N. K. (2015). TRANSforming Spaces: Transgender Webcomics as a Model for Transgender Empowerment and Representation within Library and Archive Spaces. Queer Cats Journal of LGBTQ Studies, 1(1). Page 64. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3g15q00g
  7. Morrison, Reese (2020). Whirlwind (Kindle ed.).