History of nonbinary gender: Difference between revisions
m
Formatting.
(Marked this version for translation) |
imported>Sekhet m (Formatting.) |
||
| Line 118: | Line 118: | ||
<translate> | <translate> | ||
===1940s=== <!--T:41--> | ===1940s=== <!--T:41--> | ||
[[File:Claude Cahun.jpg|thumb|Claude Cahun.]] | |||
<!--T:42--> | <!--T:42--> | ||
* During WWII, the Jewish surrealist artist [[Notable nonbinary people#Claude Cahun|Claude Cahun]] (who described their gender as "neutral")<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disavowals : or cancelled confessions|first=Claude|last=Cahun|date=2008|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=9780262533034|oclc=922878515}}</ref> with their life-partner Marcel Moore (also a Jewish artist who chose a neutral name) engaged in resistance work and activism against the Nazis during the German occupation of France. In 1944, Cahun and Moore were arrested by the Nazis and sentenced to death, but the sentence was never carried out as the island was liberated from German occupation in 1945.<ref name=":1" >{{Cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Corinne|date=2005|title=Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification|url=|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=13|pages=37–50|via=Project MUSE}}</ref> | * During WWII, the Jewish surrealist artist [[Notable nonbinary people#Claude Cahun|Claude Cahun]] (who described their gender as "neutral")<ref>{{Cite book|title=Disavowals : or cancelled confessions|first=Claude|last=Cahun|date=2008|publisher=The MIT Press|isbn=9780262533034|oclc=922878515}}</ref> with their life-partner Marcel Moore (also a Jewish artist who chose a neutral name) engaged in resistance work and activism against the Nazis during the German occupation of France. In 1944, Cahun and Moore were arrested by the Nazis and sentenced to death, but the sentence was never carried out as the island was liberated from German occupation in 1945.<ref name=":1" >{{Cite journal|last=Andersen|first=Corinne|date=2005|title=Que me veux-tu?/ What do you want of me?: Claude Cahun's Autoportraits and the Process of Gender Identification|url=|journal=Women in French Studies|volume=13|pages=37–50|via=Project MUSE}}</ref> | ||
{{Clear}} | |||
===1960s=== <!--T:43--> | ===1960s=== <!--T:43--> | ||
| Line 170: | Line 173: | ||
</translate> | </translate> | ||
[[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|<translate><!--T:59--> A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.</translate>]] | [[File:Hijra Protest Islamabad.jpg|thumb|<translate><!--T:59--> A Pakistani hijra at a protest between two hijra groups from Islamabad and Rawalpindi. 2008.</translate>]] | ||
<translate> | <translate> | ||
===2000s=== <!--T:62--> | ===2000s=== <!--T:62--> | ||
| Line 182: | Line 183: | ||
===2010s=== <!--T:65--> | ===2010s=== <!--T:65--> | ||
====2010==== <!--T:82--> | ====2010==== <!--T:82--> | ||
| Line 195: | Line 195: | ||
====2012==== <!--T:84--> | ====2012==== <!--T:84--> | ||
</translate> | |||
[[File:Anjali gopalan.jpg|thumb|<translate><!--T:60--> Asia's first gender queer pride parade in Madurai, 2012.</translate>]] | |||
<translate> | |||
*On 14th July, the first annual [[International Nonbinary Day]], created by [[Katje van Loon]], was celebrated. | *On 14th July, the first annual [[International Nonbinary Day]], created by [[Katje van Loon]], was celebrated. | ||
{{Clear}} | |||
====2013==== <!--T:68--> | ====2013==== <!--T:68--> | ||
| Line 204: | Line 208: | ||
====2014==== <!--T:70--> | ====2014==== <!--T:70--> | ||
</translate> | |||
[[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|<translate><!--T:61--> Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.</translate>]] | |||
<translate> | |||
<!--T:71--> | <!--T:71--> | ||
* The Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of rights and legal recognition of "Indians who identify as neither male nor female, or those who identify as transgender women, known as hijra."<ref name="AdvocateIndia" /> | * The Supreme Court of India ruled in favor of rights and legal recognition of "Indians who identify as neither male nor female, or those who identify as transgender women, known as hijra."<ref name="AdvocateIndia" /> | ||
* The social networking site Facebook began to let users to choose from 50 gender options. | * The social networking site Facebook began to let users to choose from 50 gender options. | ||
* The transgender community on the social networking site Tumblr created hundreds of [[nounself pronouns]]. | * The transgender community on the social networking site Tumblr created hundreds of [[nounself pronouns]]. | ||
{{Clear}} | |||
====2015==== <!--T:72--> | ====2015==== <!--T:72--> | ||
| Line 230: | Line 237: | ||
*In April, Merriam-Webster added [[cisgender]], [[genderqueer]], and [[Mx]]. to its unabridged dictionary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=MerriamWebster|number=722817225925791744|title=Cisgender, Mx., and genderqueer are all new additions to the Unabridged today. Here's our article on 'cisgender'. https://t.co/9fvlhnlIPv|date=20 April 2016}}</ref> | *In April, Merriam-Webster added [[cisgender]], [[genderqueer]], and [[Mx]]. to its unabridged dictionary.<ref>{{Cite tweet|user=MerriamWebster|number=722817225925791744|title=Cisgender, Mx., and genderqueer are all new additions to the Unabridged today. Here's our article on 'cisgender'. https://t.co/9fvlhnlIPv|date=20 April 2016}}</ref> | ||
</translate> | </translate> | ||
<translate> | <translate> | ||
| Line 254: | Line 260: | ||
*Canada's 2019 Census Test (in preparation for the 2021 Census) now includes separate questions about [[Assigned at birth|sex at birth]] and [[gender]], and also allows nonbinary gender answers.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/road2021-chemin2021/fs-fi/sex-and-gender.cfm</ref> | *Canada's 2019 Census Test (in preparation for the 2021 Census) now includes separate questions about [[Assigned at birth|sex at birth]] and [[gender]], and also allows nonbinary gender answers.<ref>https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2021/road2021-chemin2021/fs-fi/sex-and-gender.cfm</ref> | ||
* The American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide is updated to endorse the use of [[singular they]]: "Writers should use the singular 'they' in two main cases: (a) when referring to a generic person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context and (b) when referring to a specific, known person who uses 'they' as their pronoun."<ref name="LeeAPA">{{Cite web |title=Welcome, singular “they” |last=Lee |first=Chelsea |work=APA Style |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/singular-they}}</ref> | * The American Psychological Association (APA) Style Guide is updated to endorse the use of [[singular they]]: "Writers should use the singular 'they' in two main cases: (a) when referring to a generic person whose gender is unknown or irrelevant to the context and (b) when referring to a specific, known person who uses 'they' as their pronoun."<ref name="LeeAPA">{{Cite web |title=Welcome, singular “they” |last=Lee |first=Chelsea |work=APA Style |date=31 October 2019 |access-date=21 June 2020 |url= https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/singular-they}}</ref> | ||
===2020s=== | |||
====2020==== <!--T:88--> | ====2020==== <!--T:88--> | ||