Pronouns: Difference between revisions
→Esperanto neutral pronouns
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'''gi'''. "A popular proposal because it is iconic: in writing, it resembles ''ĝi'' ('it'), which it also resembles in meaning, and it is similar to the occasionally epicene prefix ''ge-''. This makes it readily recognizable. Also along these lines is the use of the epicene prefix itself, ''geli''."<ref name="esperanto wikipedia">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_reform_in_Esperanto Wikipedia page on gender reform in Esperanto]</ref> | '''gi'''. "A popular proposal because it is iconic: in writing, it resembles ''ĝi'' ('it'), which it also resembles in meaning, and it is similar to the occasionally epicene prefix ''ge-''. This makes it readily recognizable. Also along these lines is the use of the epicene prefix itself, ''geli''."<ref name="esperanto wikipedia">[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_reform_in_Esperanto Wikipedia page on gender reform in Esperanto]</ref> | ||
'''ĝi'''. "Ĝiist Esperanto," or "ĝiismo," is a grammatical reform similar to "riism" (see ''ri'' below) that proposes using the existing pronoun ''ĝi'' ('it') as a gender-neutral pronoun when referring to a person whose gender is "unknown or unimportant" to the context, in addition to its traditional sense of referring to animals and objects. Among "ĝiists," ''ri'' is used exclusively in reference to nonbinary people.<ref name="seksneuxtrala">[https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksne%C5%ADtrala_homa_triapersona_pronomo Esperanto Wikipedia page on gender-neutral pronouns]</ref> However, some argue that use of ''ĝi'' in reference to people is objectifying, and for this reason the popular reference ''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'' advises against it.<ref name="pmeg">Wennergren, Bertilo. "[https://bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/pronomoj/tria.html Tria persono]". ''[https://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko 2022].'' Accessed 2022-08-29.</ref> | '''ĝi (gxi)'''. "Ĝiist Esperanto," or "ĝiismo," is a grammatical reform similar to "riism" (see ''ri'' below) that proposes using the existing pronoun ''ĝi'' ('it') as a gender-neutral pronoun when referring to a person whose gender is "unknown or unimportant" to the context, in addition to its traditional sense of referring to animals and objects. Among "ĝiists," ''ri'' is used exclusively in reference to nonbinary people.<ref name="seksneuxtrala">[https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksne%C5%ADtrala_homa_triapersona_pronomo Esperanto Wikipedia page on gender-neutral pronouns]</ref> However, some argue that use of ''ĝi'' in reference to people is objectifying, and for this reason the popular reference ''Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko'' advises against it.<ref name="pmeg">Wennergren, Bertilo. "[https://bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/pronomoj/tria.html Tria persono]". ''[https://bertilow.com/pmeg/index.html Plena Manlibro de Esperanta Gramatiko 2022].'' Accessed 2022-08-29.</ref> | ||
'''hi/li'''. In orthodox Esperanto, ''li'' is gendered masculine ('he') when a person's gender is known, and used as the epicene singular pronoun when a person's gender is unidentified or hypothetical. "Hiist Esperanto," or "hiismo," proposes ''hi'' as a new masculine singular pronoun "so that the gendered pronouns ''hi'' and ''ŝi'' both derive from English" while retaining ''li'' only in gender-neutral contexts.<ref name="hiismo">[https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiismo Esperanto Wikipedia page on hiismo]</ref> | '''hi/li'''. In orthodox Esperanto, ''li'' is gendered masculine ('he') when a person's gender is known, and used as the epicene singular pronoun when a person's gender is unidentified or hypothetical. "Hiist Esperanto," or "hiismo," proposes ''hi'' as a new masculine singular pronoun "so that the gendered pronouns ''hi'' and ''ŝi'' both derive from English" while retaining ''li'' only in gender-neutral contexts.<ref name="hiismo">[https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiismo Esperanto Wikipedia page on hiismo]</ref> | ||
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'''ŝli (sxli)'''. "Instantly recognizable to most Esperantists ... This is just the reading pronunciation of the abbreviation ''ŝ/li'', the equivalent of English "s/he", and is not infrequently seen in informal writing."<ref name="esperanto wikipedia"></ref> | '''ŝli (sxli)'''. "Instantly recognizable to most Esperantists ... This is just the reading pronunciation of the abbreviation ''ŝ/li'', the equivalent of English "s/he", and is not infrequently seen in informal writing."<ref name="esperanto wikipedia"></ref> | ||
'''tiu/ties'''. In Esperanto, ''tiu'' and ''ties'' mean 'that person' and 'that person's' respectively. They can be used as a grammatically orthodox workaround for avoiding use of gendered pronouns, but can come off as awkward and overly indirect.<ref name="seksneuxtrala"></ref> | |||
==Estonian neutral pronouns== | ==Estonian neutral pronouns== | ||