Uranian: Difference between revisions
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|ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ|title=Prometheus|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|year=1870|volume=10|location=Leipzig|pages=14|language=de}}</ref>}} | |ref=<ref>Original untranslated quote: ''"Ich bin vollkommen Weibling. Am liebsten beschäfftige ich mich mit weiblichen Handarbeiten. Ginge es nur an, so würde ich mich weiblich auch kleiden... Der Welt gegenüber muss ich mich ja in den Gebräuchen der Männer zeigen."'' from {{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tZ9kAAAAcAAJ|title=Prometheus|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|publisher=Serbe'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung|year=1870|volume=10|location=Leipzig|pages=14|language=de}}</ref>}} | ||
'''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|date=|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)|others=|year=1868|location=Leipzig|pages=10}}</ref> | '''Uranian''', or '''Urning''', is a term used during the 19th and early-20th centuries for a varying set of gender and sexual identities, originally with ''Mannling'' Uranians generally describing effeminate homosexual men, and ''Weibling'' Uranians describing people who were not [[Sexes|assigned female at birth]] but whose gender identity and expression is female. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'', several other sub-classifications of Uranians exist solely based on sexuality.<ref name="Ulrichs1">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|date=|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)|others=|year=1868|location=Leipzig|pages=10}}</ref> | ||
Although the distinction between | Although the specific distinction between the sub-classifications of Uranians originally existed, by the early-20th century the original sub-classifications were rarely used, and Uranian on its own had broadened into an umbrella term for homosexual men, third gender people,<ref name="Lewis">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-3d4PKb3_NkC&newbks=0&redir_esc=y|title=Studies in the Psychology of Sex: Sexual Inversion|last=Ellis|first=Havelock|publisher=F. A. Davis Company|year=1901|location=Philadelphia|pages=227-231|language=en}}</ref> nonbinary people, and others. | ||
In Karl Heinrich Ulrichs | In a book by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs from 1868, where where the term ''Urning'' (a German word from which the English "Uranian" is said to have derived) is first used, the separate term [[Urningin]] is proposed. This is defined as homosexual, assigned female at birth people who identify and express themselves in a generally-masculine way.<ref name="Ulrichs2">{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|date=|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)|others=|year=1868|location=Leipzig|pages=6}}</ref> Urningin was rarely used however, and its meaning was (by the early-20th century) generally considered to fall within the range of meanings of Uranian on its own. | ||
By the 1920s or 1930s, the term Uranian had fallen out of common usage, most likely due to a lack of definition, general impreciseness, and the rise of other terms. | By the 1920s or 1930s, the term Uranian had fallen out of common usage, most likely due to a frequent lack of definition, general impreciseness, and the rise of other terms. | ||
In the modern day, the term Uranian has seen a slight revival in usage by some members of the LGBT community in explaining sexual identity. It does not seem as though there have been any uses of the term in the sense of gender identity however, not at least since its original decline almost a century ago. | In the modern day, the term Uranian has seen a slight revival in usage by some members of the LGBT community in explaining sexual identity. It does not seem as though there have been any uses of the term in the sense of gender identity however, not at least since its original decline almost a century ago. | ||
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b) '''Weibling:''' [Womanling] all of the above-mentioned aspects are female; and (one is) masculine therefore only the in the sex of the body. | b) '''Weibling:''' [Womanling] all of the above-mentioned aspects are female; and (one is) masculine therefore only the in the sex of the body. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Later in his work, Ulrichs provides supposed specific homosexual preferences to which (according to him) all ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'' Uranians are said to adhere. It must be remembered however that at the time of Ulrichs' coining of the term | Later in his work, Ulrichs provides supposed specific homosexual preferences to which (according to him) all ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'' Uranians are said to adhere. It must be remembered however that at the time of Ulrichs' coining of the term ''Urning'', the word "homosexual" did not yet exist. The term "homosexuality" first appeared one year after the publication of Ulrichs' work in 1869 within a pamphlet published anonymously by Karl-Maria Kertbeny (1824–82). Because terms like homosexuality did not yet exist, Ulrichs resorted to using terms at his disposal, which in his case included terms he himself created (in this case also used to refer to gender identity), leading to sweeping generalizations such as these. Aside from ''Mannling'' and ''Weibling'' though, both of which could be used in the sense of someone's gender identity, Ulrichs also defined several more sub-classifications of Uranians solely related to sexuality.<ref>{{Cite book|url=http://archive.org/details/bub_gb_bAkQAAAAYAAJ|title=Forschungen über das Räthsel der mannmännlichen Liebe|last=Ulrichs|first=Karl Heinrich|date=|publisher=C. Hübscher'sche Buchhandlung (Hugo Heyn)|others=|year=1868|location=Leipzig|pages=18}}</ref> | ||
Some authors such as Havelock Ellis took issue with Ulrichs' terminology. Ellis only accepted Uranian as a term to describe third gender people and specific groups of homosexual men, refusing to acknowledge nonbinary people in general (other than those of a third gender).<ref name="Lewis" /> | Some authors such as Havelock Ellis took issue with Ulrichs' terminology. Ellis only accepted Uranian as a term to describe third gender people and specific groups of homosexual men, refusing to acknowledge nonbinary people in general (other than those of a third gender).<ref name="Lewis" /> | ||