Two-spirit: Difference between revisions

Two-spirit (edit)

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+[[File:2spiritflag.jpg|thumb|Two-Spirit [[pride flags|flag]].]]
+[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|We-Wha, a Zuni Two-Spirit (''Lhamana'') person who lived 1849-1896.]]
 [[File:SF Pride 2014 - Stierch 3.jpg|thumb|Two-spirited pride marchers at San Francisco Pride 2014.]]
-'''Two-spirit''' (also spelt '''Two Spirit''' or '''Twospirit''') is an umbrella term used by native North Americans to describe some gay, lesbian, bisexual and gender-variant people. This term was adopted in 1990, during an international Indigenous gathering.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/fashion/08SPIRIT.html?_r=0 A Spirit of Belonging, Inside and Out"]. The New York Times. 8 Oct 2006. Retrieved 28 July 2016.</ref>
+'''Two-Spirit''', or '''Two Spirit''', is the modern English [[umbrella term]] for [[MOGII]] identities and [[gender role|gender roles]] that are part of hundreds of Native American cultures. In 1990, the Native American/First Nations gay and lesbian conference agreed to choose Two-Spirit as an English umbrella term for some gender roles unique to Native American cultures.<ref>"Two-Spirit." ''Wikipedia.'' Retrieved November 29, 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit</ref> They saw it as a better alternative to other, more problematic English labels that Westerners had applied to these gender roles, such as "berdache" and "[[third gender]]."
-The term "Two-spirit" is not interchangeable with "LGBT", as it refers to a spiritual and ceremonial role recognised by the Elders of the Two Spirit's ceremonial community.<ref name=":0">Estrada, Gabriel (2011). [http://nativeout.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/Two-Spirits-Nadleeh-and-Navajo-LGBTQ2-Gaze.pdf "''Two Spirits'', ''Nádleeh'', and LGBTQ2 Navajo Gaze"](PDF). ''American Indian Culture and Research Journal''. '''35''' (4): 167–190. DOI:[https://doi.org/10.17953%2Faicr.35.4.x500172017344j30 10.17953/aicr.35.4.x500172017344j30].</ref> Also, this term is not used in all tribes, and most of them use the local name in their own language.<ref>"[http://nativeout.com/twospirit-rc/two-spirit-101/ Two Spirit 101]" at ''NativeOut'': "The Two Spirit term was adopted in 1990 at an Indigenous lesbian and gay international gathering to encourage the replacement of the term berdache, which means, 'passive partner in sodomy, boy prostitute.'" Accessed 23 Sep 2015</ref> Not all tribes have rigid gender roles, but the most common is to have four genders: masculine men, feminine men, masculine women and feminine women.<ref name=":0" />
+'''People who are not Native American are not entitled to call themselves Two-Spirit'''. That would be [[ethnicity and culture#Cultural appropriation|cultural appropriation]]. People who aren't Native should instead consider using labels that are available to anyone, such as [[Bigender|bigender]] or [[Nonbinary|nonbinary]].
-== References ==
+"Two-spirit" was one of the 56 genders made available on Facebook in 2014.<ref>Eve Shapiro, ''Gender circuits: Bodies and identities in a technological age.'' Unpaged.</ref>
-<references />
-[[Category:Identities]]
+==See also==
+*[[Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
+*[[Bigender]]
+*[[Third gender]]
+*[[Ethnicity and culture]]
+==External links==
+* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-Spirit Wikipedia's article on Two-Spirit]
+* [http://fusion.net/story/46014/native-americans-talk-gender-identity-at-a-two-spirit-powwow/ Fusion: Native Americans talk gender identity at a ‘two-spirit’ powwow]
+* [http://www.willsworld.org/twospiritq-a.html Who are the Two Spirits?]
+==References==
+<references/>
+[[Category:Gender-variant identities worldwide]]
+ {{imported from nonbinary.wiki| type = page|It is part of nonbinary.wiki's import of the original Nonbinary Wiki and is licensed under [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ CC BY 3.0].}}