Gender: Difference between revisions

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 '''Gender''' is a term that encompasses various human traits that, in a given society, are traditionally grouped together.<ref name="who gender">{{Cite web|url=https://www.who.int/health-topics/gender|title=Gender and health|website=World Health Organization}}</ref> These traits can include learned behaviors and roles, biological traits (as understood by society), appearance, and more.<ref name="FYI gender">{{Cite web|url=https://genderdysphoria.fyi/en/what-is-gender|title=What is Gender?|website=The Gender Dysphoria Bible}}</ref> In Western societies, this notion traditionally corresponds to the binary sexes, [[male]] and [[female]], though this is not always the case.<ref name=":0">https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/gender</ref> Many non-Western cultures have [[Gender-variant identities worldwide|traditional genders besides male and female]], and there is a growing number of people, even in Western society, who identify as [[nonbinary]] or [[genderqueer]].
-[[Gender identity]] refers specifically to the internal sense of one's gender.<ref name="MorrowMessinger">{{cite book | vauthors = Morrow DF | chapter = Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression. | veditors = Morrow DF, Messinger L | title = Sexual orientation and gender expression in social work practice: working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people | date = 2006 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-231-50186-6 | pages = 3–17 (8) | quote = Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof. | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=irs3BAAAQBAJ&dq=978-0-231-50186-6&pg=PA8 | access-date = 19 December 2021 | archive-date = 19 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211219122137/https://books.google.com/books?id=irs3BAAAQBAJ&dq=978-0-231-50186-6&pg=PA8 | url-status = live }}</ref> People who identify with their assigned gender at birth ([[AGAB]]) are referred to as [[cisgender]]; those who do not are referred to as [[transgender]]. People who identify as the other binary gender than what they were assigned at birth are sometimes called binary transgender; those who identify as something else are called nonbinary or genderqueer.{{Citation needed}}
+[[Gender identity]] refers specifically to the internal sense of one's gender.<ref name="MorrowMessinger">{{cite book | vauthors = Morrow DF | chapter = Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Expression. | veditors = Morrow DF, Messinger L | title = Sexual orientation and gender expression in social work practice: working with gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people | date = 2006 | publisher = Columbia University Press | location = New York | isbn = 978-0-231-50186-6 | pages = 3–17 (8) | quote = Gender identity refers to an individual's personal sense of identity as masculine or feminine, or some combination thereof. | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=irs3BAAAQBAJ&dq=978-0-231-50186-6&pg=PA8 | access-date = 19 December 2021 | archive-date = 19 December 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20211219122137/https://books.google.com/books?id=irs3BAAAQBAJ&dq=978-0-231-50186-6&pg=PA8 | url-status = live }}</ref> People who identify with their assigned gender at birth ([[AGAB]]) are referred to as [[cisgender]]; those who do not are referred to as [[transgender]]. People who identify as the other binary gender than what they were assigned at birth are sometimes called binary transgender; those who identify as something else are called nonbinary or genderqueer.<ref name="Reisner and Hughto">{{Cite journal|last=Reisner|first=Sari L.|last2=Hughto|first2=Jaclyn M. W.|date=27 August 2019|editor-last=Shiu|editor-first=Cheng-Shi|title=Comparing the health of non-binary and binary transgender adults in a statewide non-probability sample|url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6711503/|journal=PLoS One|volume=14|issue=8|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0221583|pmid=31454395|quote=Non-binary-identified transgender people may have different sociodemographic characteristics than binary transgender people (e.g., those who identify with a binary gender such as transgender men or transgender women).}}</ref>
-Sex itself isn't binary, it's also a spectrum, such as male, female, intersex and others. When someone identifies as a certain gender, such as a man, woman, nonbinary or others, it is not a self ideology, it's a fact, it's who they are. <ref name=":1">https://www.genderspectrum.org/quick-links/understanding-gender/</ref>
+While the concepts of gender and [[sex]] are related, they are not the same. However, sex, understood as the system to organize certain biological traits (rather than the traits themselves) is also a social construct and a spectrum. While the traits themselves (such as chromosomes or hormones) are biological facts, how they are classified into two distinct groups is a social construct.<ref name="Marston">{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.lshtm.ac.uk/depth/2020/03/16/biological-sex-is-social/|title=Sex is biological and gender is social – right?|last=Marston|first=Cicely|date=16 March 2020|website=LSHTM|access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref> People who don't fit either category of sex may be called [[intersex]], but the word refers to sex only, not to gender.<ref name="OHCHR intersex">{{Cite web|url=https://www.ohchr.org/en/sexual-orientation-and-gender-identity/intersex-people|title=Intersex people|website=OHCHR|access-date=26 June 2023}}</ref>
 == History of the term "gender" ==