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Gender neutral language: Difference between revisions
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Gender-neutral language is also important to many people who have [[Nonbinary gender|nonbinary gender identities]]. For one reason, this kind of talk helps fight against [[nonbinary erasure]], which is the common but wrong and sexist idea that there are only two genders. Since gender-neutral language doesn't give the idea that a person is male or female, it can also apply to people who identify as other genders, outside of the [[Gender binary|gender binary]]. Nonbinary people can ask to be talked about in this way. | Gender-neutral language is also important to many people who have [[Nonbinary gender|nonbinary gender identities]]. For one reason, this kind of talk helps fight against [[nonbinary erasure]], which is the common but wrong and sexist idea that there are only two genders. Since gender-neutral language doesn't give the idea that a person is male or female, it can also apply to people who identify as other genders, outside of the [[Gender binary|gender binary]]. Nonbinary people can ask to be talked about in this way. | ||
Gender-neutral language is both useful and necessary grammatically and socially for the situtations in which gender is varied/queer, mixed/diverse in a group, irrelevant/unwanted, secret or unknown. | |||
==Arabic== | ==Arabic== | ||
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<!-- ===Other terms=== --> | <!-- ===Other terms=== --> | ||
Pronouns | Pronouns | ||
* '''tā.''' Verbally all gendered pronouns sound the same, and so they technically can be gender neutral. | * '''tā.''' Verbally all gendered pronouns sound the same, and so they technically can be gender neutral. In literature, the male form of tā (他) resembles to the female form of tā (她), except for the most-left part. The female character is first used in the late-1950s. The male character is therefore considered 'most' genderneutral, though versions like: X也 ( by using the latin X + 'yě') may as well be used. The pronounciation of the character for "she" has never changed after adding a new character. | ||
Titles | Titles | ||
* '''先生''' '''(xian sheng)'''. A gender neutral term to refer to a teacher, a new acquaintance with whom you are unfamiliar, or anyone with whom you are not on a first-name basis, though it is usually masculine-based. | * '''先生''' '''(xian sheng)'''. A gender neutral term to refer to a teacher, a new acquaintance with whom you are unfamiliar, or anyone with whom you are not on a first-name basis, though it is usually masculine-based. | ||
* '''师傅''' '''(shi fu).''' A gender neutral term, though it is usually masculine-based, conveying respect to someone if you don't know their name, and it means "master." | * '''师傅''' '''(shi fu).''' A gender neutral term, though it is usually masculine-based, conveying respect to someone if you don't know their name, and it means "master." | ||
* '''老师 (lao shi).''' Standard word for teacher. | * '''老师 (lao shi).''' Standard word for teacher. | ||
* '''博士''' '''(bo shi)'''. Standard word for professor. | * '''博士''' '''(bo shi)'''. Standard word for holder of a doctoral degree. | ||
* '''教授 (jiao shou)'''. Standard word for professor. | |||
* '''老板''' '''(lao ban)'''. Standard term for one's boss (say at work). | * '''老板''' '''(lao ban)'''. Standard term for one's boss (say at work). | ||
*'''同学 (tong xue).''' Standard term for one's classmates | *'''同学 (tong xue).''' Standard term for one's classmates | ||
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==French== | ==French== | ||
''See also: [[Glossary of French gender and sex terminology]].'' | ''See also: [[Glossary of French gender and sex terminology]] and [[Gender neutral language in French]].'' | ||
French, like other Romance languages (except for Asturian), traditionally has only two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. Additionally, according to the standard language rules, masculine is always treated as the generic gender, meaning that a mixed-gender group will always be referred to in masculine (and not in feminine, unless everyone is a woman). These rules have been established over the centuries by men and male-led institutions like the ''Académie Française''. In 1675, talking about the grammar of the French language, abbot Dominique Bouhours stated "When both genders meet, the most noble must prevail". French inclusive language refuses such rules, and feminist and queer activists work hard to try and rid French of its sexism. They have developed over the last few decades different ways to adapt the French language to be more inclusive of women and gender minorities. | French, like other Romance languages (except for Asturian), traditionally has only two grammatical genders: masculine and feminine. Additionally, according to the standard language rules, masculine is always treated as the generic gender, meaning that a mixed-gender group will always be referred to in masculine (and not in feminine, unless everyone is a woman). These rules have been established over the centuries by men and male-led institutions like the ''Académie Française''. In 1675, talking about the grammar of the French language, abbot Dominique Bouhours stated "When both genders meet, the most noble must prevail". French inclusive language refuses such rules, and feminist and queer activists work hard to try and rid French of its sexism. They have developed over the last few decades different ways to adapt the French language to be more inclusive of women and gender minorities. | ||
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See also [[Glossary of Polish gender and sex terminology]]. | See also [[Glossary of Polish gender and sex terminology]]. | ||
Polish is a very gendered language. Some Polish nonbinary people create solutions such as gender-neutral verb endings, for example "chciałxm"/"chciałom"/"chciałx" instead of "chciałbym" (masculine) or "chciałabym" (feminine).<ref>{{cite web|title=hi how to use they them in poland. próbuję ale im failing miserably|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=http://archive.is/ZMwts|url=https://urodziwy.tumblr.com/post/187175986471/hi-how-to-use-they-them-in-poland-pr%C3%B3buj%C4%99-ale-im}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czemu ludzie są Twoim zdaniem dyskryminowani przez swoją orientację seksualną?|archive-url=http://archive.is/k4Xzj|archive-date=17 June 2020|url=https://ask.fm/brainlessxx/answers/162268935811}}</ref> In the novel ''Perfect Imperfection'', author Jacek Dukaj used -um verb endings (e.g. "zobaczyłum" instead of the masculine "zobaczyłem" or feminine "zobaczyłam").<ref name="TransGrysy">{{Cite web |title=TransGrysy wyjaśniają: co robić, a czego nie robić w kontaktach z osobami transpłciowymi? |trans-title=TransGrysy explains: what to do and what not to do when dealing with transgender people? |last=Winky |first=Kinky |work=kinkywinky.pl |date= |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623034945/https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> These have since become known as Dukaisms.<ref name="zaimkipl">{{Cite web |title=An overview of Polish nonbinary pronouns |trans-title= |author= |work=Zaimki.pl |date= |access-date=25 November 2020 |url= https://zaimki.pl/english |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042546/https://zaimki.pl/english |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | Polish is a very gendered language. Some Polish nonbinary people create solutions such as gender-neutral verb endings, for example "chciałxm"/"chciałom"/"chciałx" instead of "chciałbym" (masculine) or "chciałabym" (feminine).<ref>{{cite web|title=hi how to use they them in poland. próbuję ale im failing miserably|archive-date=17 June 2020|archive-url=http://archive.is/ZMwts|url=https://urodziwy.tumblr.com/post/187175986471/hi-how-to-use-they-them-in-poland-pr%C3%B3buj%C4%99-ale-im}}{{Dead link|date=February 2026 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Czemu ludzie są Twoim zdaniem dyskryminowani przez swoją orientację seksualną?|archive-url=http://archive.is/k4Xzj|archive-date=17 June 2020|url=https://ask.fm/brainlessxx/answers/162268935811}}</ref> In the novel ''Perfect Imperfection'', author Jacek Dukaj used -um verb endings (e.g. "zobaczyłum" instead of the masculine "zobaczyłem" or feminine "zobaczyłam").<ref name="TransGrysy">{{Cite web |title=TransGrysy wyjaśniają: co robić, a czego nie robić w kontaktach z osobami transpłciowymi? |trans-title=TransGrysy explains: what to do and what not to do when dealing with transgender people? |last=Winky |first=Kinky |work=kinkywinky.pl |date= |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623034945/https://www.kinkywinky.pl/blog/poradnik/transplciowosc-savoir-vivre.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> These have since become known as Dukaisms.<ref name="zaimkipl">{{Cite web |title=An overview of Polish nonbinary pronouns |trans-title= |author= |work=Zaimki.pl |date= |access-date=25 November 2020 |url= https://zaimki.pl/english |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230603042546/https://zaimki.pl/english |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
Another gender-neutral way of speaking or writing Polish is rewording phrases to use a non-gendered conjugation of a verb. For example, instead of saying "I saw" in the masculine form "zobaczyłem" or feminine form "zobaczyłam", one could say "Udało mi się zobaczyć" (I was able to see).<ref name="grabieżca">{{Cite web |title=Osoby niebinarne - jakiej są płci? |trans-title= |author=niski_grabieżca |work=transseksualizm.blogspot.com |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623022837/https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | Another gender-neutral way of speaking or writing Polish is rewording phrases to use a non-gendered conjugation of a verb. For example, instead of saying "I saw" in the masculine form "zobaczyłem" or feminine form "zobaczyłam", one could say "Udało mi się zobaczyć" (I was able to see).<ref name="grabieżca">{{Cite web |title=Osoby niebinarne - jakiej są płci? |trans-title= |author=niski_grabieżca |work=transseksualizm.blogspot.com |date=12 June 2019 |access-date=1 October 2020 |url= https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |language=pl|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230623022837/https://transseksualizm.blogspot.com/2019/06/osoby-niebinarne-jakiej-sa-pci.html |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> | ||
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[[File:Hen - The Swedish pronoun.svg|thumb|A symbol of Swedish female, male, and neutral pronouns.]] | [[File:Hen - The Swedish pronoun.svg|thumb|A symbol of Swedish female, male, and neutral pronouns.]] | ||
''See also: | ''See also: http://nonbinary.wiki/wiki/Gender_neutral_language_in_Swedish.'' | ||
Traditionally, the word ''den'' has been used as a gender neutral pronoun and remains widely used today. However, depending on the context, the word ''den'' can also mean ''it'' leaving it unsatisfactory as a gender neutral pronoun for many who do not wish to be seen as comparable to an inanimate object. Since the 1960s, the person pronoun ''hen'' has become increasingly popular and will, in 2015, be added for the first time to ''Svenska Akademiens Ordlista'' (the Swedish equivalent to France's ''Dictionnaire de l'Académie française''). Its usage, however, remains somewhat contraversial and is vigorously opposed by some. | Traditionally, the word ''den'' has been used as a gender neutral pronoun and remains widely used today. However, depending on the context, the word ''den'' can also mean ''it'' leaving it unsatisfactory as a gender neutral pronoun for many who do not wish to be seen as comparable to an inanimate object. Since the 1960s, the person pronoun ''hen'' has become increasingly popular and will, in 2015, be added for the first time to ''Svenska Akademiens Ordlista'' (the Swedish equivalent to France's ''Dictionnaire de l'Académie française''). Its usage, however, remains somewhat contraversial and is vigorously opposed by some. | ||
In 2024, the official Swedish gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some [[nonbinary]] people, as well as the non-standard anglicized practice of singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their). Some [[nonbinary]] people have also opted for [[neopronouns|neopronoun]] such as hin/hin/hins, which is in actuality an obsolete pronoun that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). | |||
===Pronouns=== | ===Pronouns=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! <u>Hen</u> | |||
! Standard gender-neutral/third-gender personal pronoun | |||
|- | |||
!hen | |||
|Subject form | |||
|- | |- | ||
! hen | !hen/henom | ||
| | |Object form is generaly just "hen", but some use "henom". It is very individual. | ||
|- | |- | ||
! hens | !hens | ||
| | |Possessive form | ||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! <u>Den</u> | |||
! Gender-neutral/common-inanimate "it" | |||
|- | |- | ||
! | !den | ||
| | |Subject/object form | ||
|- | |- | ||
!dens/dess | |||
|Possessive form | |||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! <u>De</u> | |||
! Non-standard anglicized singular "they" | |||
|- | |||
!de | |||
|Subject form is sometimes written "dom" | |||
|- | |||
!dem | |||
|Object form is sometimes written "dom" | |||
|- | |||
!deras | |||
|Possessive form | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! <u>Hin</u> | |||
! Neopronoun/obsolete pronoun "hin" | |||
|- | |||
!hin | |||
|Subject/object form | |||
|- | |||
!hins | |||
|Possessive form | |||
|} | |||
<!-- ===Titles=== --> | <!-- ===Titles=== --> | ||
<!-- ===Family terms=== --> | <!-- ===Family terms=== --> | ||
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==External links== | ==External links== | ||
* [http://genderqueeries.tumblr.com/titles Gender-neutral/Queer Titles]. A long, continually updated list of gender-neutral or genderqueer words for family members and relationships in English. | *[http://genderqueeries.tumblr.com/titles Gender-neutral/Queer Titles]. A long, continually updated list of gender-neutral or genderqueer words for family members and relationships in English. | ||
* [https://collectanealinguistica.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/language-learning-beyond-the-gender-binary/ Language learning beyond the gender binary], by linguist Timothy McKeon, on how to be gender-neutral or gender-variant in many different languages. | *[https://collectanealinguistica.wordpress.com/2016/06/28/language-learning-beyond-the-gender-binary/ Language learning beyond the gender binary], by linguist Timothy McKeon, on how to be gender-neutral or gender-variant in many different languages. | ||
* [https://deepbaltic.com/2018/03/20/being-non-binary-in-a-language-without-gendered-pronouns-estonian/ Being Non-Binary in a Language Without Gendered Pronouns – Estonian] | *[https://deepbaltic.com/2018/03/20/being-non-binary-in-a-language-without-gendered-pronouns-estonian/ Being Non-Binary in a Language Without Gendered Pronouns – Estonian] | ||
==References== | ==References== | ||
<references/> | <references /> | ||
[[Category:Gender neutral language]] | [[Category:Gender neutral language]] | ||
[[de:geschlechtsneutrale_sprache]] | [[de:geschlechtsneutrale_sprache]] | ||