3
edits
Pronouns: Difference between revisions
Added Russian and Yiddish sections
(Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5) |
Catsterism (talk | contribs) (Added Russian and Yiddish sections) |
||
| Line 165: | Line 165: | ||
'''de, dem, deres'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | '''de, dem, deres'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
'''hen, hen, hens'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> (neopronoun - the variants hæn and høn | '''hen, hen, hens'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> (neopronoun - the variants hæn and høn have also been proposed.)<ref>https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00016738 [https://web.archive.org/web/20220929211652/https://sproget.dk/raad-og-regler/artikler-mv/svarbase/SV00016738 Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> <ref>https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/han-hun-eller-hoen/13013a26-ec3f-4c10-9833-d80a0fd6ea7e [https://web.archive.org/web/20211023120648/https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/han-hun-eller-hoen/13013a26-ec3f-4c10-9833-d80a0fd6ea7e Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
==Dutch neutral pronouns== | ==Dutch neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 179: | Line 179: | ||
'''zij, hen, hun'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | '''zij, hen, hun'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
‘’’Die, hen, hun’’’is also often used with die being a translation of who or another way of using a Dutch version of they <ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ‘’’Die, hen, hun’’’is also often used with die being a translation of who or another way of using a Dutch version of they.<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" /> | ||
Dutch has three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, but most forms are identical for masculine and feminine (while often opposed to neuter). This makes avoidance strategies attractive. E.g. while the third person singular personal pronoun is differentiated between feminine ("zij") and masculine ("hij"), the demonstrative pronoun is identical for these two genders ("'''die'''") and can often be used instead. | Dutch has three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, but most forms are identical for masculine and feminine (while often opposed to neuter). This makes avoidance strategies attractive. E.g. while the third person singular personal pronoun is differentiated between feminine ("zij") and masculine ("hij"), the demonstrative pronoun is identical for these two genders ("'''die'''") and can often be used instead. | ||
In 2016 Transgender Netwerk Nederland held a poll, in which '''hen, hen, hun''' or '''die, hen, hun''' were chosen as gender neutral pronouns.<ref name=":2" /> | In 2016 Transgender Netwerk Nederland held a poll, in which '''hen, hen, hun''' or '''die, hen, hun''' were chosen as gender neutral pronouns.<ref name=":2" /> | ||
==English neutral pronouns== | ==English neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 288: | Line 285: | ||
'''em'''. | '''em'''. | ||
'''er_sie'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />''', ersie, er:sie, er*sie.'''<ref name=":0" /> From ''er'' (he) and ''sie'' (she). | '''er_sie'''<ref name="rabbitglitter ML pronouns" />''', sie_r, ersie, er:sie, er*sie.'''<ref name=":0" /> From ''er'' (he) and ''sie'' (she). | ||
'''hän/sires/sim/sin'''.<ref name="high_Glos">{{Cite web |title=Glossar |trans-title= |author= |work=High on Clichés |date=11 December 2011 |access-date=21 February 2021 |url= https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> used as a replacement for ''er/sie'' | '''hän/sires/sim/sin'''.<ref name="high_Glos">{{Cite web |title=Glossar |trans-title= |author= |work=High on Clichés |date=11 December 2011 |access-date=21 February 2021 |url= https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |language=de|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531034450/https://highoncliches.wordpress.com/2011/12/11/glossar/ |archive-date=17 July 2023 }}</ref> used as a replacement for ''er/sie'' | ||
| Line 382: | Line 379: | ||
'''êla, dêla, nêla.''' This combines ''ele'' (êle) with ''ela''.<ref>Carvalho, Danniel. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Sobre gênero e a invenção de um pronome não-binário]. ''researchgate.net'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20221224180116/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | '''êla, dêla, nêla.''' This combines ''ele'' (êle) with ''ela''.<ref>Carvalho, Danniel. (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Sobre gênero e a invenção de um pronome não-binário]. ''researchgate.net'' [https://web.archive.org/web/20221224180116/https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350671835_Sobre_genero_e_a_invencao_de_um_pronome_nao-binario Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> | ||
== Russian neutral pronouns == | |||
The Russian language (русский язык) has three singular third person pronouns: masculine "он" (''on''), feminine "она" (''ona''), and neuter "оно" (''ono''). The highly gendered nature of the language makes it difficult for nonbinary speakers to describe themselves, and some reject pronouns and gendered verbs altogether. | |||
'''Alternating pronouns -''' Some nonbinary Russian speakers alternate between ''on'' and ''ona''. | |||
'''Ono (оно) -''' The use of ''ono'' as a gender neutral pronoun is controversial even within the nonbinary community, as some people consider it to be dehumanizing. It traditionally means 'it' and in general Russian's neuter grammatical gender refers mostly to inanimate/nonhuman things or young children. In the other 5 grammatical cases ''ono'' also looks the same as the masculine pronoun. However, some nonbinary speakers reclaim the word.<ref>[https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2018/08/24/lost-for-words-non-binary-russians-fight-the-limits-of-their-language-a62650 Lost for Words: Non-Binary Russians Fight The Limits of Their Language] ''Moscow Times'', 2018. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</ref> | |||
'''On(a), on_a (он[а], он_а) -''' Combining ''on'' and ''ona'' using parenthesis or a 'gender gap' (underscore) can be done as well. This is considered an option mostly for writing, but some people use it orally as well by putting a pause between the masculine and the feminine.<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11185-021-09241-6 Prospects and challenges of gender neutralization in Russian] ''Russian Linguistics'' 45. 2021. Retrieved 21 July 2023.</ref> | |||
==Slovak neutral pronouns== | ==Slovak neutral pronouns== | ||
| Line 444: | Line 450: | ||
'''je, jin, jins'''.<ref>http://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019154108/https://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> These pronouns do exist as indefinite pronouns, though their use for referring to a specific person isn't very common. | '''je, jin, jins'''.<ref>http://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ [https://web.archive.org/web/20211019154108/https://www.erfgoed-fundaasje.nl/de-stichtingen-frysk-en-frij-en-erfgoed-fundaasje-opereare-genderneutraal/ Archived] on 17 July 2023</ref> These pronouns do exist as indefinite pronouns, though their use for referring to a specific person isn't very common. | ||
== Yiddish neutral pronouns == | |||
Gender-neutral pronouns in Yiddish language (ייִדיש) include: | |||
'''zey, zeyer, zeyere (זיי, זייער, זייערע) -''' The third person plural pronoun, which many nonbinary Yiddishists use as singular. It is conjugated as plural while the name of the person followed by a verb stays singular. This is likely due to the influence of English on the language. | |||
=== '''Neopronouns''' === | |||
'''fey, fer, feyer (פֿיי, פֿער, פֿייער) -''' Also spelled as '''fey, feyer, feyere (פֿיי, פֿֿייער, פֿייערע)'''. Basically equivalent to English fae/faer/faers.<ref>https://ingeveb.org/pedagogy/queer-family-tree Bach, Alona, Rebecca Araten, Ethan Nosanow Levin, and Carolyn Beard. “''Undzer Mishpokhe'': A Queer Yiddish Curriculum Supplement.” In geveb (April 2022): Accessed Jul 21, 2023.</ref> Some people do not use it because it has the same three letters as the f-slur in Yiddish. | |||
'''ez, zim, zir (עז, זים, זיר) -''' Neopronouns with no English equivalent. They are based off of all three singular pronouns: ''er (ער)'', ''zi (זי)'', and ''es (עס)''. | |||
'''zi.er, zi_er, zier (זי.ער, זי—ער, זיער) -''' Combinations of he ''(er - ער)'' and she ''(zi - זי)''. | |||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||