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Gender neutral language in Swedish: Difference between revisions
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<languages /> | <languages /> | ||
{{Template:Gender neutral language}} | {{Template:Gender neutral language}} | ||
<translate>The Swedish language has two grammatical genders, common and neuter. Swedish is easier than gender neutral language (also called gender inclusive language) in many other languages, because its grammatical gender is less pervasive than in languages like German or French. See the main article on gender neutral language for general reasons to use neutral language, common problems in using it, and its use for nonbinary people.</translate> | |||
==Pronouns== | ==<translate>Pronouns</translate>== | ||
===Gender-neutral third-person singular=== | ===<translate>Gender-neutral third-person singular</translate>=== | ||
Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, as well as the non-standard anglicized practice of singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronoun such as hin/hin/hins, which is in actuality an obsolete pronoun that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). | <translate>Swedish’s official gender-neutral pronoun is hen/hen/hens. The Swedish common-inanimate pronoun den/den/dens (equivalent to it/it/its) is also used for gender-neutral language and by some nonbinary people, as well as the non-standard anglicized practice of singular de/dem/deras (they/them/their). Some nonbinary people have also opted for neopronoun such as hin/hin/hins, which is in actuality an obsolete pronoun that means something alike “that one”, but is in modern times pretty much only used in the set phrase “hin håle” (the hard one, the devil). </translate> | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! <u>Hen</u> | ! <u>Hen</u> | ||
! Standard gender-neutral/third-gender personal pronoun | ! <translate>Standard gender-neutral/third-gender personal pronoun </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hen | !hen | ||
|Subject form | |<translate>Subject form</translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hen/henom | !hen/henom | ||
|Object form is generaly just "hen", but some use "henom". It is very individual. | |<translate>Object form is generaly just "hen", but some use "henom". It is very individual. </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hens | !hens | ||
|Possessive form | |<translate>Possessive form </translate> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! <u>Den</u> | ! <u>Den</u> | ||
! Gender-neutral/common-inanimate "it" | ! <translate>Gender-neutral/common-inanimate "it" </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!den | !den | ||
|Subject/object form | |<translate>Subject/object form </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!dens/dess | !dens/dess | ||
|Possessive form | |<translate>Possessive form </translate> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! <u>De</u> | ! <u>De</u> | ||
! Non-standard anglicized singular "they" | ! <translate>Non-standard anglicized singular "they" </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!de | !de | ||
|Subject form is sometimes written "dom" | |<translate>Subject form is sometimes written "dom"</translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!dem | !dem | ||
|Object form is sometimes written "dom" | |<translate>Object form is sometimes written "dom"</translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!deras | !deras | ||
|Possessive form | |<translate>Possessive form </translate> | ||
|} | |} | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! <u>Hin</u> | ! <u>Hin</u> | ||
! Neopronoun/obsolete pronoun "hin" | ! <translate>Neopronoun/obsolete pronoun "hin" </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hin | !hin | ||
|Subject/object form | |<translate>Subject/object form </translate> | ||
|- | |- | ||
!hins | !hins | ||
|Possessive form | |<translate>Possessive form </translate> | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Generic pronoun=== | ===<translate>Generic pronoun</translate>=== | ||
Swedish’s generic pronoun man/en/ens (one/one/one’s) has been discussed for being androcentric, and some people have opted to use en/en/ens instead to make it gender inclusive. En/en/ens is not just used for gender-inclusivity however, but it is also a regional dialect variation. | <translate>Swedish’s generic pronoun man/en/ens (one/one/one’s) has been discussed for being androcentric, and some people have opted to use en/en/ens instead to make it gender inclusive. En/en/ens is not just used for gender-inclusivity however, but it is also a regional dialect variation. </translate> | ||
==Family and relationship words== | ==<translate>Family and relationship words</translate>== | ||
===Parent=== | ===<translate>Parent</translate>=== | ||
<translate> | |||
* '''Förälder.''' Neutral, formal, standard. | * '''Förälder.''' Neutral, formal, standard. | ||
* '''Päron.''' Neutral, slang/standard. Means “one's folk(s)” in plural and in singular. | * '''Päron.''' Neutral, slang/standard. Means “one's folk(s)” in plural and in singular. | ||
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* '''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. | * '''Pamma.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. | ||
* '''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. | * '''Wawa.''' Neutral, informal, nonstandard. | ||
</translate> | |||
===Child=== | ===<translate>Child</translate>=== | ||
<translate> | |||
* '''Barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child/kid. | * '''Barn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child/kid. | ||
* '''Bebis.''' Neutral, standard. Means baby. | * '''Bebis.''' Neutral, standard. Means baby. | ||
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* '''Tonåring.''' Neutral, standard. Means teenager. | * '''Tonåring.''' Neutral, standard. Means teenager. | ||
* '''Ungdom.''' Neutral, standard. Means youth/youngster. | * '''Ungdom.''' Neutral, standard. Means youth/youngster. | ||
</translate> | |||
=== Grandparents === | |||
=== <translate>Grandparents</translate> === | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. | * '''Förförälder.''' Neutral, nonstandard but will be understood. Means grandparent. | ||
* '''Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. | * '''Förför.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Means grandy/grandma/grandpa. | ||
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* '''Förmor.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s mother/grandma. | * '''Förmor.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s mother/grandma. | ||
* '''Förfar.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s father/grandpa. | * '''Förfar.''' Partially neutral, nonstandard. Means parent’s father/grandpa. | ||
</translate> | |||
===Siblings and related family=== | |||
===<translate>Siblings and related family</translate>=== | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | * '''Syskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means sibling(s). | ||
* '''Lillasyskon/Storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/big sibling(s). | * '''Lillasyskon/Storasyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means little sibling(s)/big sibling(s). | ||
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* '''Brylling.''' Neutral, standard but “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. | * '''Brylling.''' Neutral, standard but “fyrmänning” is more common. Means third-cousin. | ||
* '''Pyssling.''' Neutral, standard but “femmänning” is more common. Means fourth-cousin. | * '''Pyssling.''' Neutral, standard but “femmänning” is more common. Means fourth-cousin. | ||
</translate> | |||
=== Partner === | |||
===<translate>Partner</translate>=== | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Partner.''' Neutral, standard. Means partner. | * '''Partner.''' Neutral, standard. Means partner. | ||
* '''Sambo.''' Neutral, standard. Means cohabitation-partner. | * '''Sambo.''' Neutral, standard. Means cohabitation-partner. | ||
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* '''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | * '''Dejt.''' Neutral, standard. Means date. | ||
* '''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person. | * '''Sällskap.''' Status-neutral and gender-neutral word for someone's accompanying person. | ||
</translate> | |||
=== In-law & step-family === | |||
===<translate>In-law & step-family</translate> === | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | * '''Svärförälder.''' Neutral, standard. Means parent-in-law. | ||
* '''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child-in-law. | * '''Svärbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means child-in-law. | ||
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* '''Styvsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child. | * '''Styvsyskon.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-child. | ||
* '''Styvbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s). | * '''Styvbarn.''' Neutral, standard. Means step-sibling(s). | ||
</translate> | |||
=== Wedding words === | |||
=== <translate>Wedding words</translate> === | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Gifta/Livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means two spouses/maritial partners. | * '''Gifta/Livspartners.''' Neutral, standard. Means two spouses/maritial partners. | ||
* '''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids and groomsmen, the bridalpair's entourages. | * '''Brudfölje.''' Neutral, standard. Means bridesmaids and groomsmen, the bridalpair's entourages. | ||
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* '''Fästföljare.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Used to refer to one person in the bridalpair's entourage. | * '''Fästföljare.''' Neutral, nonstandard. Used to refer to one person in the bridalpair's entourage. | ||
* '''Hedersperson/Hedersvän.''' Can naturally be used as a gender-neutral stand-in for a maid of honor or a best man. | * '''Hedersperson/Hedersvän.''' Can naturally be used as a gender-neutral stand-in for a maid of honor or a best man. | ||
</translate> | |||
== Other words == | |||
==<translate>Other words</translate>== | |||
<translate> | |||
* '''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | * '''Vuxen.''' Neutral, standard. Means adult. | ||
* '''Gamling.''' Neutral, standard. Means elderly. | * '''Gamling.''' Neutral, standard. Means elderly. | ||
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* '''Ni!/Hörrni!/Folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. | * '''Ni!/Hörrni!/Folk!.''' Neutral, standard. Means “you” and “folk(s)”, can be used when calling multiple people instead of saying girls and/or guys. | ||
* ''' Ärade/kära publik/gäster/vänner/folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”. | * ''' Ärade/kära publik/gäster/vänner/folk.''' Neutral, standard. Gender-inclusive way of saying “ladies & gentlemen”. | ||
</translate> | |||
[[Category:Gender neutral language]] | |||