Fa'afafine: Difference between revisions
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The word ''fa'afafine'' includes the causative prefix ''fa'a–'', meaning "in the manner of", and the word ''fafine'', meaning "woman".<ref>Milner, G.B. 1966. Samoan-English Dictionary. "Fa'afafine" entry pg. 52 under "Fafine"</ref> It is cognate with linguistically related words or social categories in other Polynesian languages, such as the Tongan ''fakaleiti'' (also ''fakafefine''), the Cook Islands Māori ''akava'ine'', the Hawaiian and Tahitian ''[[māhū]]'' (literally ''in the middle''), the Māori ''whakawāhine'', the Niuean ''fiafifine'' (also ''fakafifine''), the Tokelauan ''fakafāfine'', the Tuvaluan ''pinapinaaine'', the Gilbertese ''binabinaaine'', and the Wallisian ''fakafafine''. | The word ''fa'afafine'' includes the causative prefix ''fa'a–'', meaning "in the manner of", and the word ''fafine'', meaning "woman".<ref>Milner, G.B. 1966. Samoan-English Dictionary. "Fa'afafine" entry pg. 52 under "Fafine"</ref> It is cognate with linguistically related words or social categories in other Polynesian languages, such as the Tongan ''fakaleiti'' (also ''fakafefine''), the Cook Islands Māori ''akava'ine'', the Hawaiian and Tahitian ''[[māhū]]'' (literally ''in the middle''), the Māori ''whakawāhine'', the Niuean ''fiafifine'' (also ''fakafifine''), the Tokelauan ''fakafāfine'', the Tuvaluan ''pinapinaaine'', the Gilbertese ''binabinaaine'', and the Wallisian ''fakafafine''. | ||
The FTM or female-to-male equivalent in Samoa are known variously as ''fa'atane'', ''fa'atama'', and ''fafatama''.{{ | The FTM or female-to-male equivalent in Samoa are known variously as ''fa'atane'', ''fa'atama'', and ''fafatama''.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://nhm.org/stories/beyond-gender-indigenous-perspectives-faafafine-and-faafatama|title=Beyond Gender: Indigenous Perspectives, Fa’afafine and Fa’afatama|date=2020-09-01|website=Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County|archive-url=https://archive.is/FVlWG|archive-date=2024-11-18|access-date=2025-05-25}}</ref> Ultimately, Western terms like gay, transgender, FTM, etc., do not align exactly with Samoan terms like fa'afafine, fa'atane, etc., which have meaning within the fa'asamoa traditional cultural systems of Samoa. | ||
The Samoan slang word ''mala'' (or "devastation" in the Samoan language) is in less frequent use for fa'afafine, as it arose from fundamentalist influenced homophobia and transphobia.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Fa'afafine Notes: On Tagaloa, Jesus, and Nafanua| journal = Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press| pages = 81–94| year = 2011| last1 = Taulapapa McMullin | first1 = Dan}}</ref> | The Samoan slang word ''mala'' (or "devastation" in the Samoan language) is in less frequent use for fa'afafine, as it arose from fundamentalist influenced homophobia and transphobia.<ref>{{Cite journal | title = Fa'afafine Notes: On Tagaloa, Jesus, and Nafanua| journal = Queer Indigenous Studies: Critical Interventions in Theory, Politics, and Literature. Tucson: University of Arizona Press| pages = 81–94| year = 2011| last1 = Taulapapa McMullin | first1 = Dan}}</ref> | ||