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Gender neutral language in French: Difference between revisions
→Non personal pronouns: modified the whole structure because of terminological incoherent Reihenfolge
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|'''<u>iels(/ielles)</u> <small>[jɛl]</small>''' | |'''<u>iels(/ielles)</u> <small>[jɛl]</small>''' | ||
|} | |} | ||
==== [[wikipedia:Indefinite_pronoun|Indefinite pronouns and adjectives]] ==== | |||
Semantically, many indefinite pronouns (such as ''chacun'' or ''quelqu'un'') share the [+human] trait of personal pronouns, functioning essentially as unspecified human referents. However, because they are quantificational rather than referential, they lack a specific ''Sexus''. Consequently, enforcing binary grammatical gender (''Genus'') on these forms forces a specific morphological marker onto an inherently unspecified referent, invariably defaulting to the masculine generic in standard French. | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
!Masculine | |||
!Feminine | |||
!Analytic gender-neutral | |||
!Synthetic gender-neutral | |||
|- | |||
!aucun·e | |||
|aucun <small>[ok<u>œ̃</u>]/[ok<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small> | |||
|aucune <small>[oky<u>n</u>]</small> | |||
|aucueune <small>[ok<u>œn</u>]</small> | |||
|''aucan'' <small>[okɑ̃]/[okan]</small> | |||
|- | |||
!chacun·e | |||
|chacun <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃</u>/[ʃak<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small> | |||
|chacune <small>[ʃaky<u>n</u>]</small> | |||
|chacueune <small>[ʃak<u>œn</u>]</small> | |||
|''chacan'' <small>[ʃakɑ̃]/[ʃakan]</small> | |||
|- | |||
!certain·e | |||
|certain <small>[sɛʁt<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small> | |||
|certaine <small>[sɛʁtɛ<u>n</u>]</small> | |||
| | |||
|''certan'' <small>[sɛʁtɑ̃]/[sɛʁtan]</small> | |||
|- | |||
!tout·e | |||
|tout | |||
|toute | |||
| | |||
|toude | |||
|- | |||
!tous/toutes | |||
|tous | |||
|toutes | |||
|''toustes'' | |||
|touds | |||
|- | |||
!quelqu'un·e | |||
|quelqu'un <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃</u>]/[kɛlk<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small> | |||
|quelqu'une <small>[kɛlky<u>n</u>]</small> | |||
|quelqu'eune <small>[kɛlk<u>œn</u>]</small> | |||
|quelqu'an <small>[kɛlkɑ̃]/[kɛlkan]</small> | |||
|} | |||
The indefinite pronoun 'quelqu'une' is extremely rare in modern French and its pendant 'quelqu'un' does not seem to be perceived as masculine by native French speakers,<ref>Liam (2023): Coming out day. 11.10.2023. Mon vécu de coming out. In: ''ekivock.nb'' (Instagram account). Online at: https://www.instagram.com/p/CyP-j_Tobbj/?img_index=3.</ref> thus it is not clear how essential the degendering of this pronoun is. | |||
===Determiners=== | ===Determiners=== | ||
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[[File:Vowel trapezium for standard French.png|alt=IPA vowel trapezium for standard French|thumb|IPA vowel trapezium for standard French]] | [[File:Vowel trapezium for standard French.png|alt=IPA vowel trapezium for standard French|thumb|IPA vowel trapezium for standard French]] | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
|+ | |+Articles | ||
! | ! | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
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Accordingly, regarding the morphing resp. non-morphing of the definite article with the prepositions 'de' and 'à', we'd have 'à lae' and 'de lae'. | Accordingly, regarding the morphing resp. non-morphing of the definite article with the prepositions 'de' and 'à', we'd have 'à lae' and 'de lae'. | ||
====Demonstrative adjective==== | ====[[wikipedia:Demonstrative|Demonstrative]] adjective==== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
!Masculine | !Masculine | ||
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|} | |} | ||
La vie en Queer proposes 'cet', which sounds the same as the feminine 'cette'; Divergenres retains 'cèx', but notes that it sounds like the word 'sexe'. A third possibility would be to voice resp. to devoice the final consonant of the feminine word, for instance turning [t] to [d], or [g] to [k]. This would allow the word to remain easily recognizable while being distinct from both the masculine and the feminine forms. This approach would be advantageous in regards to minimizing misunderstandings and memorization effort. | La vie en Queer proposes 'cet', which sounds the same as the feminine 'cette'; Divergenres retains 'cèx', but notes that it sounds like the word 'sexe'. A third possibility would be to voice resp. to devoice the final consonant of the feminine word, for instance turning [t] to [d], or [g] to [k]. This would allow the word to remain easily recognizable while being distinct from both the masculine and the feminine forms. This approach would be advantageous in regards to minimizing misunderstandings and memorization effort. | ||
==== [[wikipedia:Demonstrative|Demonstrative]] pronouns ==== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
! | |||
! Masculine | |||
!Feminine | |||
!Analytic gender-neutral | |||
!Synthetic gender-neutral | |||
|- | |||
!Singular | |||
|celui <small>[səl<u>ɥi</u>]</small> | |||
|celle <small>[s<u>ɛl</u>]</small> | |||
|''cellui'' <small>[s<u>ɛl</u><u>ɥi</u>]</small> | |||
|ciel <small>[sjεl]</small> | |||
|- | |||
!Plural | |||
|ceux <small>[s<u>ø</u>]</small> | |||
|celles <small>[s<u>ɛl</u>]</small> | |||
|''celleux'' <small>[s<u>ɛl</u><u>ø</u>]</small> | |||
|ciels <small>[sjεl]</small>, ceuxes <small>[søks]</small> | |||
|} | |||
==== <big>Possessives</big> ==== | ==== <big>Possessives</big> ==== | ||
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|la maison (feminine) | |la maison (feminine) | ||
|} | |} | ||
===Nouns and adjectives === | ===Nouns and adjectives === | ||