Gender-variant identities worldwide: Difference between revisions
→Americas: Added entry about the lhamana of Zuni.
imported>Sekhet (→Australia and Oceania: Added a picture of a Fa'afafine banner at a pride parade.) |
imported>Sekhet (→Americas: Added entry about the lhamana of Zuni.) |
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===Americas=== | ===Americas=== | ||
[[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|We | [[File:We-Wa, a Zuni berdache, weaving - NARA - 523796.jpg|thumb|We'Wha, a famous Zuni Two-Spirit (''Lhamana'') person who lived 1849-1896.]] | ||
Hundreds of cultures throughout North and South America had gender roles for those other than [[cisgender women]] and [[cisgender men]]. Internationally, these transgender and nonbinary people are called [[ | Hundreds of cultures throughout North and South America had gender roles for those other than [[cisgender women]] and [[cisgender men]]. Internationally (that is, across all Native American nations), these transgender and nonbinary people are called [[two-spirit]]. Depending on the nation, and on the individual, a two-spirit role is not necessarily analogous to what Westerners consider nonbinary. That is, some two-spirit roles and persons may be more analogous to what Westerners categorize as gay men, lesbian women, bisexual people, trans men, or trans women. However, those roles and persons listed here can be considered analogous to nonbinary, in that they are distinct from-- or combine characteristics of-- male and female gender roles and expressions, in their cultures. | ||
* The Blackfoot Confederacy recognizes Ninauposkitzipxpe, "manly-hearted women," who are AFAB and occupy a gender role different from that of women and men. | * The Blackfoot Confederacy recognizes Ninauposkitzipxpe, "manly-hearted women," who are AFAB and occupy a gender role different from that of women and men. | ||
* The Lakota recognize Winkte, who are AMAB and occupy a gender role like that of women. | * The Lakota recognize Winkte, who are AMAB and occupy a gender role like that of women. | ||
* The Navajo recognize Nadleehi, who are AMAB and feminine, and the Dilbaa, who are AFAB and masculine. | * The Navajo recognize Nadleehi, who are AMAB and feminine, and the Dilbaa, who are AFAB and masculine. | ||
* The Zuni recognize ''lhamana'', who take on roles and duties associated with both men and women, and they wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing. They work as mediators.<ref name=Stevenson37>Matilda Coxe Stevenson, The Zuni Indians: Their Mythology, Esoteric Fraternities, and Ceremonies, (BiblioBazaar, 2010) p. 37</ref><ref name=Bost139>Suzanne Bost, Mulattas and Mestizas: Representing Mixed Identities in the Americas, 1850-2000, (Athens, Georgia: University of Georgia Press, 2003, pg.139</ref> | |||
* In Mexico, the Zapotec people recognize the Muxe, who are AMAB and feminine. This term also includes gay men. | * In Mexico, the Zapotec people recognize the Muxe, who are AMAB and feminine. This term also includes gay men. | ||
* In Peru, the pre-colonial Incas recognized Quariwarmi, a nonbinary mixed-gender role. | * In Peru, the pre-colonial Incas recognized Quariwarmi, a nonbinary mixed-gender role. | ||
{{Clear}} | {{Clear}} | ||
===Asia and Middle East=== | ===Asia and Middle East=== | ||
[[File:Hermaphrodite Indian entertainers (c. 1865).jpg|thumb|A group of Hijra, circa 1865.]] | [[File:Hermaphrodite Indian entertainers (c. 1865).jpg|thumb|A group of Hijra, circa 1865.]] | ||