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Gender neutral language in French: Difference between revisions

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!Indefinite article
!Indefinite article
|un <small>[<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|un <small>[<u>œ̃</u>]/[ɛ̃]</small>
|une <small>[y<u>n</u>]</small>
|une <small>[y<u>n</u>]</small>
|eune <small>[<u>œn</u>]</small>
|eune <small>[<u>œn</u>]</small>
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|''lae'' <small>[lae]</small>, lea <small>[ləa]</small>
|''lae'' <small>[lae]</small>, lea <small>[ləa]</small>
|''lo'', li, lu, lia
|''lo'', li, lu, lia
|}Although 'an' is quite common, particularly in the [ɑ̃] pronunciation, where it shares a core feature with 'un': both consist solely of a nasal vowel. 'eune' [<u>œ</u>n] combines the vocal roundedness of 'un' [<u>œ̃</u>] with the terminal nasal consonant [n] of 'une'. In metropolitan French, where 'un' is typically pronounced as [ɛ̃], 'eune' shares a phonetic characteristic exclusively with 'une' through the final [n] and with 'un' through their similar degree of aperture. A drawback of 'an' pronounced as [ɑ̃], however, is its nasality, a factor known for making vowels challenging to distinguish and learn, even for native French speakers.<ref>Etienne Sicard, Anne Menin-Sicard, Gabriel Rousteau. Oppositions de voyelles orales et nasales : identification des formants selon le genre. INSA Toulouse. 2022. ffhal-03826558v2f.</ref> Consequently, [ɑ̃] might be perceived as a mispronunciation of 'un' or simply not distinct enough from 'un' to be recognized as a separate morpheme.
|}Although 'an' is quite common, particularly in the [ɑ̃] pronunciation, where it shares a core feature with 'un': both consist solely of a nasal vowel. 'eune' [<u>œ</u>n] combines the vocal roundedness and degree of aperture of 'un' [<u>œ̃</u>] with the terminal nasal consonant [n] of 'une'. In metropolitan French, where 'un' is typically pronounced as [ɛ̃], 'eune' shares a phonetic characteristic exclusively with 'une' through the final [n] and with 'un' through their similar degree of aperture. A drawback of 'an' pronounced as [ɑ̃], however, is its nasality, a factor known for making vowels challenging to distinguish and learn, even for native French speakers.<ref>Etienne Sicard, Anne Menin-Sicard, Gabriel Rousteau. Oppositions de voyelles orales et nasales : identification des formants selon le genre. INSA Toulouse. 2022. ffhal-03826558v2f.</ref> Consequently, [ɑ̃] might be perceived as a mispronunciation of 'un' or simply not distinct enough from 'un' to be recognized as a separate morpheme.
==== Possessive adjectives ====
==== Possessive adjectives ====
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
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|sa
|sa
|''saon'' <small>[saõ]</small>
|''saon'' <small>[saõ]</small>
|san <small>[sɑ̃]/[san]</small>, sine <small>[sin]</small>
|''san'' <small>[sɑ̃]/[san]</small>, sine <small>[sin]</small>
|}
|}
The possessive adjectives 'mon', 'ton', and 'son', which are generally masculine, are also used as feminine possessive adjectives when combined with a feminine noun that begins (phonetically) with a vowel: 'mon amie', 'ton employée', 'son hôtesse', etc. Therefore, there is no need to use a possessive neologism in words starting with vowels, as the masculine and feminine gender are syncretized in this context.
The possessive adjectives 'mon', 'ton', and 'son', which are generally masculine, are also used as feminine possessive adjectives when combined with a feminine noun that begins (phonetically) with a vowel: 'mon amie', 'ton employée', 'son hôtesse', etc. Therefore, there is no need to use a possessive neologism in words starting with vowels, as the masculine and feminine gender are syncretized in this context.
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!aucun·e
!aucun·e
|aucun <small>[ok<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|aucun <small>[ok<u>œ̃</u>]/[ok<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|aucune <small>[oky<u>n</u>]</small>
|aucune <small>[oky<u>n</u>]</small>
|aucunn <small>[ok<u>œ̃n</u>]</small>, aucueune <small>[ok<u>œn</u>]</small>
|aucunn <small>[ok<u>œ̃n</u>]/[ok<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>, aucueune <small>[ok<u>œn</u>]</small>
|aucan <small>[okɑ̃]/[okan]</small>
|aucan <small>[okɑ̃]/[okan]</small>
|-
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!chacun·e
!chacun·e
|chacun <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|chacun <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃</u>/[ʃak<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|chacune <small>[ʃaky<u>n</u>]</small>
|chacune <small>[ʃaky<u>n</u>]</small>
|chacunn <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃n</u>]</small>, chacueune <small>[ʃak<u>œn</u>]</small>
|chacunn <small>[ʃak<u>œ̃n</u>]/[ʃak<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>, chacueune <small>[ʃak<u>œn</u>]</small>
|chacan <small>[ʃakɑ̃]/[ʃakan]</small>
|chacan <small>[ʃakɑ̃]/[ʃakan]</small>
|-
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!quelqu'un·e
!quelqu'un·e
|quelqu'un <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|quelqu'un <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃</u>]/[kɛlk<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|quelqu'une <small>[kɛlky<u>n</u>]</small>
|quelqu'une <small>[kɛlky<u>n</u>]</small>
|quelqu'unn <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃n</u>]</small>, quelqu'eune <small>[kɛlk<u>œn</u>]</small>
|quelqu'unn <small>[kɛlk<u>œ̃n</u>]/[kɛlk<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>, quelqu'eune <small>[kɛlk<u>œn</u>]</small>
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!-un/-une<sup>1</sup>
!-un/-une<sup>1</sup>
|brun <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|brun <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃</u>]/[bʁ<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|brune <small>[bʁy<u>n</u>]</small>
|brune <small>[bʁy<u>n</u>]</small>
|brunn <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃n</u>]</small>
|brunn <small>[bʁ<u>œ̃n</u>]/[bʁ<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>
|braine, ''bran''
|braine, ''bran''
|-
|-
!-un/-une<sup>2</sup>
!-un/-une<sup>2</sup>
|opportun <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>œ̃</u>]</small>
|opportun <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>œ̃</u>]/[ɔpɔʁt<u>ɛ̃</u>]</small>
|opportune <small>[ɔpɔʁty<u>n</u>]</small>
|opportune <small>[ɔpɔʁty<u>n</u>]</small>
|opportunn <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>œ̃n</u>]</small>
|opportunn <small>[ɔpɔʁt<u>œ̃n</u>]/[ɔpɔʁt<u>ɛ̃n</u>]</small>
|opportaine
|opportaine
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