Voice modification surgery

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Surgeries and procedures

Top surgery Enlarging (breast augmentation) Reducing or removing (mastectomy or breast reduction) Bottom surgery Changes to the gonads Removing testicles (orchiectomy) Removing ovaries (oophorectomy) Changes to the phallus Creating (phalloplasty) Removing (penectomy) Making a clitoris more like a penis (metoidioplasty) Changes to the vagina Creating (vaginoplasty) Removing (vaginectomy) Changes to the labia Changes to the uterus Removing (hysterectomy) Sterilizing (tubal ligation) Stopping periods (uterine ablation) Uterus transplant Combined changes Removing penis and testes (emasculation) Removing most or all genitals (genital nullification) Creating a vulva (Vulvoplasty) Creating a scrotum (scrotoplasty) Sterilization Other surgeries and procedures Adam's apple reduction Facial surgery Voice modification surgery

Voice modification surgery, also known as phonosurgery, is an umbrella term for a variety of surgical procedures that alter a person's voice, and can be done as part of a gender transition.

Voice feminization surgeries

• A procedure called "anterior glottic web formation" creates a band (or "web") of scar tissue at the front of the vocal cords. This surgery raises a person's vocal pitch by eliminating their ability to make lower pitches. This surgery is not recommended for people who use their voice professionally (such as singers or other vocal performers) because it has a side effect of narrowing the airway.

• Another procedure for vocal feminization is called "cricothyroid approximation" or CTA for short. This raises a person's pitch by increasing the tension of the vocal cords. However, the effects of CTA are not long-lasting, according to Mayo Clinic.